Queries for number of distinct elements in a subarray | Set 2

Given an array arr[] of N integers and Q queries. Each query can be represented by two integers L and R. The task is to find the count of distinct integers in the subarray arr[L] to arr[R].

Examples:

Input: arr[] = {1, 1, 3, 3, 5, 5, 7, 7, 9, 9 }, L = 0, R = 4
Output: 3



Input: arr[] = { 1, 1, 2, 1, 3 }, L = 1, R = 3
Output : 2

Naive approach: In this approach, we will traverse through the range l, r and use a set to find all the distinct elements in the range and print them.
Time Complexity: O(q*n)

Efficient approach: Idea is to form a segment tree in which the nodes will store all the distinct elements in the range. For this purpose we can use a self-balancing BST or “set” data structure in C++.
Each query will return the size of the set.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

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// C++ implementation of above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
  
// Each segment of the segment tree would be a set
// to maintain distinct elements
set<int>* segment;
  
// Build the segment tree
// i denotes current node, s denotes start and
// e denotes the end of range for current node
void build(int i, int s, int e, int arr[])
{
  
    // If start is equal to end then
    // insert the array element
    if (s == e) {
        segment[i].insert(arr[s]);
        return;
    }
  
    // Else divide the range into two halves
    // (start to mid) and (mid+1 to end)
    // first half will be the left node
    // and the second half will be the right node
    build(2 * i, s, (s + e) / 2, arr);
    build(1 + 2 * i, 1 + (s + e) / 2, e, arr);
  
    // Insert the sets of right and left
    // node of the segment tree
    segment[i].insert(segment[2 * i].begin(),
                      segment[2 * i].end());
  
    segment[i].insert(segment[2 * i + 1].begin(),
                      segment[2 * i + 1].end());
}
  
// Query in an range a to b
set<int> query(int node, int l, int r, int a, int b)
{
    set<int> left, right, result;
  
    // If the range is out of the bounds
    // of this segment
    if (b < l || a > r)
        return result;
  
    // If the range lies in this segment
    if (a <= l && r <= b)
        return segment[node];
  
    // Else query for the right and left
    // leaf node of this subtree
    // and insert them into the set
    left = query(2 * node, l, (l + r) / 2, a, b);
    result.insert(left.begin(), left.end());
  
    right = query(1 + 2 * node, 1 + (l + r) / 2, r, a, b);
    result.insert(right.begin(), right.end());
  
    // Return the result
    return result;
}
  
// Initialize the segment tree
void init(int n)
{
    // Get the height of the segment tree
    int h = (int)ceil(log2(n));
    h = (2 * (pow(2, h))) - 1;
  
    // Initialize the segment tree
    segment = new set<int>[h];
}
  
// Function to get the result for the
// subarray from arr[l] to arr[r]
void getDistinct(int l, int r, int n)
{
    // Query for the range set
    set<int> ans = query(1, 0, n - 1, l, r);
  
    cout << ans.size() << endl;
}
  
// Driver code
int main()
{
  
    int arr[] = { 1, 1, 2, 1, 3 };
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
  
    init(n);
  
    // Bulid the segment tree
    build(1, 0, n - 1, arr);
  
    // Query in range 0 to 4
    getDistinct(0, 4, n);
  
    return 0;
}

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Output:


3





Time Complexity: O(q*log(n))



          
          
          
          

            

    

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andrew1234
Second year  Department of Information Technology  Jadavpur University
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