Output of C++ programs | Set 42

Prerequisite : Pointers and References

Q.1 What Is The Output Of this program?

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void fun(int& a, int b)
{
    a += 2;
    b += 1;
}
int main()
{
    int x = 10, y = 2;
    fun(x, y);
    cout << x << " " << y << " ";
    fun(x, y);
    cout << x << " " << y;
    return 0;
}

Option
a) 10 2 10 2
b) 12 2 14 2
c) 12 3 14 3
d) 12 2 14 3

Answer : b

Explanation : In this program, in main() we pass two values x or y in fun() and fun() received the reference of x so increment it’s value but y have incremented but not a reference so y is same in main block.

Q.2 What Is The Output Of this program?

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void f2(int p = 30)
{
    for (int i = 20; i <= p; i += 5)
        cout << i << " ";
}
void f1(int& m)
{
    m += 10;
    f2(m);
}
int main()
{
    int n = 20;
    f1(n);
    cout << n << " ";
    return 0;
}

Option
a) 25 30 35 20
b) 20 25 30 20
c) 25 30 25 30
d) 20 25 30 30

Answer : d

Explanation : In this program, main() call the f1() and pass the value of n in f1() and f1() is received the reference of n and increments 10 of it’s value now n is 30. Again call f2() and pass the value of m in f2(), f2() receive the value of m and check the condition and print the value.

Q.3 What Is The Output Of this program?

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void fun(char s[], int n)
{
    for (int i = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i++)
        if (i % 2 == 0)
            s[i] = s[i] - n;
        else
            s[i] = s[i] + n;
}
int main()
{
    char str[] = "Hello_World";
    fun(str, 2);
    cout << str << endl;
    return 0;
}

Option
a) EgjnmaTqpnb
b) FgjnmaUqpnb
c) Fgjnm_Uqpnb
d) EgjnmaTqpnb

Answer : b

Explanation : In main(), call a fun() and pass string and one integer is 2. In fun(), loop i is iterated and check the condition if i is Even then decrease index value by 2 and if i is odd then increase by 2.

Q.4 What Is The Output Of this program?

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    int x[] = { 12, 25, 30, 55, 110 };
    int* p = x;
    while (*p < 110) {
        if (*p % 3 != 0)
            *p = *p + 1;
        else
            *p = *p + 2;
        p++;
    }
    for (int i = 4; i >= 1; i--) {
        cout << x[i] << " ";
    }
    return 0;
}

Option
a) 110 56 32 26
b) 110 57 30 27
c) 110 56 32 25
d) 100 55 30 25

Answer : a

Explanation : In this program, a pointer p contains a base address of array x so *p contain a value of x[0] and p++ is pointing address of next element.

Q.5 What Is The Output Of this program?

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    char* str = "GEEKSFORGEEK";
    int* p, arr[] = { 10, 15, 70, 19 };
    p = arr;
    str++;
    p++;
    cout << *p << " " << str << endl;
    return 0;
}

Option
a) 10 EEKSFORGEEK
b) 15 GEEKSFORGEEK
c) 15 EEKSFORGEEK
d) 10 GEEKSFORGEEK

Answer : C

Explanation : In this, the str contain a base address of string and pointer p contain a base address of array. If string and pointer is incremented by 1 – it’s pointing the next address value of string and array.

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