New Date-Time API in Java 8

Last Updated : 30 Oct, 2018

New date-time API is introduced in Java 8 to overcome the following drawbacks of old date-time API :

Not thread safe : Unlike old java.util.Date which is not thread safe the new date-time API is immutable and doesn’t have setter methods.
Less operations : In old API there are only few date operations but the new API provides us with many date operations.

Java 8 under the package java.time introduced a new date-time API, most important classes among them are :

Local : Simplified date-time API with no complexity of timezone handling.
Zoned : Specialized date-time API to deal with various timezones.

LocalDate/LocatTime and LocalDateTime API : Use it when time zones are NOT required.

// Java code for LocalDate 
// / LocalTime Function 
import java.time.*; 
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter; 
   
public class Date { 
  
public static void LocalDateTimeApi() 
{ 
   
    // the current date 
    LocalDate date = LocalDate.now(); 
    System.out.println("the current date is "+ 
                        date); 
   
   
    // the current time 
    LocalTime time = LocalTime.now(); 
    System.out.println("the current time is "+ 
                        time); 
       
   
    // will give us the current time and date 
    LocalDateTime current = LocalDateTime.now(); 
    System.out.println("current date and time : "+ 
                        current); 
   
   
    // to print in a particular format 
    DateTimeFormatter format =  
      DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("dd-MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss");   
    
    String formatedDateTime = current.format(format);   
     
    System.out.println("in foramatted manner "+ 
                        formatedDateTime); 
   
   
    // printing months days and seconds 
    Month month = current.getMonth(); 
    int day = current.getDayOfMonth(); 
    int seconds = current.getSecond(); 
    System.out.println("Month : "+month+" day : "+ 
                        day+" seconds : "+seconds); 
   
    // printing some specified date 
    LocalDate date2 = LocalDate.of(1950,1,26); 
    System.out.println("the repulic day :"+date2); 
   
    // printing date with current time. 
    LocalDateTime specificDate =  
        current.withDayOfMonth(24).withYear(2016); 
  
    System.out.println("specfic date with "+ 
                       "current time : "+specificDate); 
} 
  
    // Driver code 
    public static void main(String[] args)  
    { 
        LocalDateTimeApi(); 
    } 
} 

Output:

the current date is 2018-04-09
the current time is 06:21:10.409
current date and time : 2018-04-09T06:21:10.410
in foramatted manner 09-04-2018 06:21:10
Month : APRIL day : 9 seconds : 10
the repulic day :1950-01-26
specfic date with current time : 2016-04-24T06:21:10.410

Zoned date-time API : Use it when time zones are to be considered

// Java code for Zoned date-time API 
import java.time.LocalDateTime; 
import java.time.ZoneId; 
import java.time.ZonedDateTime; 
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter; 
  
public class Zone { 
  
// Function to get Zoned Date and Time 
public static void ZonedTimeAndDate() 
{ 
    LocalDateTime date = LocalDateTime.now(); 
    DateTimeFormatter format1 =  
      DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("dd-MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss");  
      
    String formattedCurrentDate = date.format(format1); 
      
    System.out.println("formatted current Date and"+ 
                      " Time : "+formattedCurrentDate);  
  
    // to get the current zone 
    ZonedDateTime currentZone = ZonedDateTime.now();  
    System.out.println("the current zone is "+ 
                        currentZone.getZone());  
  
    // getting time zone of specific place 
    // we use withZoneSameInstant(): it is 
    // used to return a copy of this date-time  
    // with a different time-zone,   
    // retaining the instant. 
    ZoneId tokyo = ZoneId.of("Asia/Tokyo"); 
  
    ZonedDateTime tokyoZone = 
            currentZone.withZoneSameInstant(tokyo); 
                    
    System.out.println("tokyo time zone is " +  
                        tokyoZone); 
  
    DateTimeFormatter format =  
        DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("dd-MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss");  
      
    String formatedDateTime = tokyoZone.format(format);  
  
    System.out.println("formatted tokyo time zone "+ 
                        formatedDateTime); 
      
} 
      
    // Driver code 
    public static void main(String[] args)  
    { 
          
        ZonedTimeAndDate(); 
          
    } 
} 

Output:

formatted current Date and Time : 09-04-2018 06:21:13
the current zone is Etc/UTC
tokyo time zone is 2018-04-09T15:21:13.220+09:00[Asia/Tokyo]
formatted tokyo time zone 09-04-2018 15:21:13

Period and Duration classes :
Period : It deals with date based amount of time.
Duration : It deals with time based amount of time.

// Java code for period and duration 
import java.time.LocalDate; 
import java.time.LocalTime; 
import java.time.Month; 
import java.time.Duration; 
import java.time.Period; 
  
public class Geekforgeeks { 
  
    public static void checkingPeriod() 
    { 
        LocalDate date1 = LocalDate.now(); 
  
        LocalDate date2 =  
            LocalDate.of(2014, Month.DECEMBER, 12); 
  
        Period gap = Period.between(date2, date1); 
        System.out.println("gap between dates "+ 
                           "is a period of "+gap); 
} 
  
    // Function to check duration 
    public static void checkingDuraion() 
    {   
  
        LocalTime time1 = LocalTime.now(); 
        System.out.println("the current time is " + 
                            time1); 
  
        Duration fiveHours = Duration.ofHours(5); 
  
        // adding five hours to the current  
        // time and storing it in time2 
        LocalTime time2 = time1.plus(fiveHours); 
  
        System.out.println("after adding five hours " + 
                           "of duration " + time2); 
  
        Duration gap = Duration.between(time2, time1); 
        System.out.println("duraion gap between time1" + 
                           " & time2 is " + gap); 
} 
  
    // Driver code 
    public static void main(String[] args)  
    { 
        checkingPeriod(); 
        checkingDuraion(); 
    } 
} 

Output:

gap between dates is a period of P3Y3M28D
the current time is 06:21:18.248
after adding five hours of duration 11:21:18.248
duraion gap between time1 & time2 is PT-5H

ChronoUnits Enum : java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit enum is added in Java 8 to replace integer values used in old API to represent day, month etc.

// Java code for ChronoUnits Enum 
import java.time.LocalDate; 
import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit; 
  
public class Geeksforgeeks { 
  
    // Function to check ChronoUnit  
    public static void checkingChronoEnum() 
    { 
        LocalDate date = LocalDate.now(); 
        System.out.println("current date is :" +  
                            date); 
      
        // adding 2 years to the current date 
        LocalDate year =  
             date.plus(2, ChronoUnit.YEARS); 
          
        System.out.println("next to next year is " +  
                            year); 
              
        // adding 1 month to the current data 
        LocalDate nextMonth =  
                  date.plus(1, ChronoUnit.MONTHS); 
          
        System.out.println("the next month is " +  
                            nextMonth); 
      
        // adding 1 week to the current date 
        LocalDate nextWeek =  
                  date.plus(1, ChronoUnit.WEEKS); 
          
        System.out.println("next week is " + nextWeek); 
      
        // adding 2 decades to the current date 
        LocalDate Decade =  
                  date.plus(2, ChronoUnit.DECADES); 
                    
        System.out.println("20 years after today " +  
                            Decade); 
    } 
      
    // Driver code 
    public static void main(String[] args) { 
      
        checkingChronoEnum(); 
          
    } 
} 

Output:

current date is :2018-04-09
next to next year is 2020-04-09
the next month is 2018-05-09
next week is 2018-04-16
20 years after today 2038-04-09

TemporalAdjuster : It is used to perform various date related operations.

// Java code Temporal Adjuster 
import java.time.LocalDate; 
import java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjusters; 
import java.time.DayOfWeek; 
  
public class Geek  
{ 
  
    // Function to check date and time  
    // according to our requirement 
    public static void checkingAdjusters() 
    { 
  
        LocalDate date = LocalDate.now(); 
        System.out.println("the current date is "+ 
                            date); 
  
        // to get the first day of next month 
        LocalDate dayOfNextMonth =  
              date.with(TemporalAdjusters. 
                        firstDayOfNextMonth()); 
      
        System.out.println("firstDayOfNextMonth : " + 
                            dayOfNextMonth ); 
  
        // get the next saturday 
        LocalDate nextSaturday =  
                date.with(TemporalAdjusters. 
                          next(DayOfWeek.SATURDAY)); 
          
        System.out.println("next satuday from now is "+ 
                            nextSaturday); 
  
        // first day of current month 
        LocalDate firstDay =  
                  date.with(TemporalAdjusters. 
                  firstDayOfMonth()); 
                                     
        System.out.println("firstDayOfMonth : " + 
                            firstDay); 
  
        // last day of current month      
        LocalDate lastDay =  
                  date.with(TemporalAdjusters. 
                            lastDayOfMonth()); 
          
        System.out.println("lastDayOfMonth : " +  
                            lastDay); 
} 
      
    // Driver code 
    public static void main(String[] args)  
    { 
  
        checkingAdjusters(); 
    } 
} 

Output:

the current date is 2018-04-09
firstDayOfNextMonth : 2018-05-01
next satuday from now is 2018-04-14
firstDayOfMonth : 2018-04-01
lastDayOfMonth : 2018-04-30

Attention reader! Don’t stop learning now. Get hold of all the important Java Foundation and Collections concepts with the Fundamentals of Java and Java Collections Course at a student-friendly price and become industry ready.

My Personal Notes

Related Articles