NCERT Solutions Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Human Resources

NCERT Solutions For Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Human Resource: This article includes free NCERT Solutions For Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Human Resource to help students of Class 8 learn the solutions and ace their exams.

It has been developed by the subject matter experts at GFG, according to the latest CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, and guidelines to help the students of Class 8 create a solid conceptual base for Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Human Resource

The solutions to all the exercises in Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Human Resource of your NCERT textbook have been collectively covered in NCERT Solutions Class 8 Social Science.

NCERT Solutions Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Human Resources

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Social Science Chapter 5 Human Resource

Exercise Page No: 52

1. Answer the following questions.

(i) Why are people considered a resource?

Answer:

People are considered a resource because they add value to resources through their abilities, knowledge, and skills. For example, people can enhance the value of natural resources through their knowledge and application. In the economy, people are considered a resource because they contribute to the creation of the Gross National Product (GDP). When people are provided with the right education, training, and healthcare, they transform into human capital, which has the potential to contribute significantly to a nation’s development and growth.

(ii) What are the causes for the uneven distribution of population in the world?

Answer:

The world’s population is unevenly distributed due to a variety of factors, including geographical, social, cultural, and economic factors. These factors are:

Geographical Factors

• Topography: Plains are densely populated rather than mountains and plateaus because these areas are suitable for farming, manufacturing and service activities. For example: The Ganga plains are densely populated while mountains like Andes, Alps and Himalayas are sparsely populated.
• Climate: Extreme climates such as the Sahara desert and polar regions have sparse settlement, while moderate climates attract populations.
• Soil: Fertile soils, found in plains like the Ganga and Brahmaputra, are densely populated as the region is suitable for agriculture.
• Water: Areas with easy access to freshwater, such as river valleys, are densely populated, while deserts have sparse populations due to scarcity of water.
• Minerals: Regions rich in minerals, like the diamond mines of South Africa and oil reserves in the Middle East, attract settlements due to economic opportunities.

Social, Cultural and Economic Factors

• Social: Areas with better living facilities like education, housing and health are densely populated, for example: Delhi and Pune.
• Cultural: Cultural significance draws people to places like Varanasi, Jerusalem, and Vatican City.
• Economic: Industrial hubs such as Osaka in Japan and Mumbai in India attract large populations due to abundant employment opportunities, resulting in dense settlements.

(iii) The world population has grown very rapidly. Why?

Answer:

The world population has grown rapidly due to better food supplies and medicine, decrease in death rate and the births rate still remained high. This is called as the population explosion and resulted in a doubling of the global population from 3 billion to 6 billion within 40 years by 1999. Other reasons for the population growth include:

• Improved medical facilities
• Increased food supplies
• Increased numbers of people surviving reproductive age
• Changes in fertility rates
• Increased urbanization
• Faster migration

(iv) Discuss the role of any two factors influencing population change.

Answer:

Two factors that influence population change are birth rate and death rate. Birth rate is the number of live births per 1,000 people over a period of time, while death rate, also known as mortality rate, is the number of deaths that occur in an area per 1,000 people. Higher birth rates result in a higher percentage of population growth. 

The difference between the two rates is called the natural growth rate. When the birth rate is higher than the death rate, the population increases. When the death rate is higher than the birth rate, the population decreases. When the two rates are equal, the population remains constant.

The death rate has gradually decreased over time as new technologies and medicines have helped people live longer. Population growth may also be affected by people coming into the population from somewhere else (immigration), or leaving the population for another area (emigration).

(v) What is meant by population composition?

Answer:

Population composition refers to the structure of the population. The composition of population helps us to know the characteristics of population such as gender distribution, age demographics, education, occupation, income levels, and health status. For example, population composition can help us understand how many people are male or female, what age group they belong to, and their education level.

Population composition data is often compared over time using population pyramids, also known as age-sex pyramids. Population composition allows us to predict factors within populations, such as death rates and growth rates. This information can help governments make decisions regarding planning in a country, as well as whether to implement changes to populations via population policies.

(vi) What are population pyramids? How do they help in understanding about the population of a country?

Answer:

A population pyramid, also known as an age-sex pyramid or age structure diagram, is a graph that shows the distribution of a population by age and sex. It’s made up of two histograms, one for each gender, with numbers shown horizontally and ages vertically. Males are usually shown on the left and females on the right, and they may be measured in absolute numbers or as a percentage of the total population.

The shape of the population pyramid tell us about:

• The pyramid’s shape shows the distribution of age groups and genders within a geographical area.
• The number of children at the bottom of the pyramid reflects the level of births, and the size of the top reflects the number of deaths.
• The pyramid’s shape can indicate the age-dependency ratio of a population. This ratio refers to how many young and old people are dependent on the working-age groups.
• Births, deaths, and migration determine the shape of a population pyramid. Pyramids can represent different stages of population growth.
• A wide base that tapers towards the top indicates a high fertility rate but low life expectancy.

2. Tick the correct answer.

(i) Which does the term population distribution refer to?

(a) How population in a specified area changes over time.

(b) The number of people who die in relation to the number of people born in a specified area.

(c) The way in which people are spread across a given area.

Answer:

(c) The way in which people are spread across a given area.

(ii) Which are three main factors that cause population change?

(a) Births, deaths and marriage

(b) Births, deaths and migration

(c) Births, deaths and life expectancy

Answer:

(b) Births, deaths and migration

(iii) In 1999, the world population reached

(a) 1 billion

(b) 3 billion

(c) 6 billion

Answer:

(c) 6 billion

(iv) What is a population pyramid?

(a) A graphical presentation of the age, sex composition of a population.

(b) When the population density of an area is so high that people live in tall buildings.

(c) Pattern of population distribution in large urban areas.

Answer:

(a) A graphical presentation of the age, sex composition of a population.

3. Complete the sentences below using some of the following words.

sparsely, favourable, fallow, artificial, fertile, natural, extreme, densely

When people are attracted to an area it becomes ………………….. populated, Factors that influence this include ………………….. climate; good supplies of ………………….. resources and ………………….. land

Answer:

When people are attracted to an area, it becomes densely populated. Factors that influence this include favorable climate, good supplies of natural resources, and fertile land.

Chapter 5 – Human Resources Summary

Chapter 5 delves into human resources, covering topics such as population dynamics, labor force participation, and demographic trends. It explores the significance of human resources in economic development, social progress, and nation-building. The chapter discusses population growth, distribution, and migration patterns, as well as their implications for society and the economy. It addresses issues such as unemployment, underemployment, and skill gaps in the labor market. The importance of education, training, and healthcare in enhancing human capital is emphasized. The chapter also examines government policies, social welfare programs, and sustainable development goals related to human resources management.

Important Topics Discussed in the Chapter

Important topics discussed in the chapter are:

• Human Resources – Characteristics, Population Density, Factors Affecting
• Population Change Factors and Patterns
• Population Composition
• Distinguish between Population Growth and Population Change
• What are population pyramids? How do they help in understanding about the population of a country?
• Distribution of Population: Facts & Figures

FAQs on NCERT Solutions For Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Human Resource

Why are human resources important class 8 questions and answers?

Human resources are important because they use their knowledge and skills to transform natural resources into valuable resources. 

Which two things does human resource refer to class 8?

human resources refers to a country’s population size, as well as its productivity, educational quality, efficiency, and organizational abilities.

What are the important topics discussed in the chapter?

Important topics discussed in the chapter are:

• Human Resources – Characteristics, Population Density, Factors Affecting
• Population Change Factors and Patterns
• Population Composition
• Distinguish between Population Growth and Population Change
• What are population pyramids? How do they help in understanding about the population of a country?
• Distribution of Population: Facts & Figures

Where can I find the correct NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 on the online platform?

The NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 can be found by the students on the GeeksforGeeks website. The NCERT Solutions are one of th best study materials which are available for students for free and students can rely on them for examination purposes.

Are NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 effective for CBSE Term exam preparations?

The NCERT Solutions will help the students in strengthening their foundations in the important topics of Geography and to answer text questions which are designed by knowledgeable experts of Geeksforgeeks.