n-th number with digits in {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

Given a number n and we have to find n-th number such that it’s digits only consist 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

Examples :

Input  : n = 6
Output : 5

Input :  n = 10
Output : 13

Recommended: Please solve it on “PRACTICE ” first, before moving on to the solution.

We first store 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in an array. We can see that next numbers will be 10, 11, 12,,13, 14, 15 and after that numbers will be 20, 21, 23, 24, 25 and so on. We can see the pattern that is repeating again and again. We save the calculated result and use it for further calculations.
next 6 numbers are-
1*10+0 = 10
1*10+1 = 11
1*10+2 = 12
1*10+3 = 13
1*10+4 = 14
1*10+5 = 15

and after that next 6 numbers will be-
2*10+0 = 20
2*10+1 = 21
2*10+2 = 22
2*10+3 = 23
2*10+4 = 24
2*10+5 = 25

We use this pattern to find the n-th number. Below is complete algorithm.

1) push 0 to 5 in ans vector
2) for i=0 to n
     for j=0 to 6
          
          // this will be the case when first 
          // digit will be zero 
          if (ans[i]*10! = 0) 
              ans.push_back(ans[i]*10 + ans[j])

3) print ans[n-1]

// C++ program to find n-th number with digits 
// in {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} 
#include <bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
  
// Returns the N-th number with given digits 
int findNth(int n) 
{ 
    // vector to store results 
    vector<int> ans; 
  
    // push first 6 numbers in the answer 
    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) 
        ans.push_back(i); 
  
    // calculate further results 
    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++)  
        for (int j = 0; j < 6; j++)  
            if ((ans[i] * 10) != 0) 
                ans.push_back(ans[i] * 10 + ans[j]);         
      
    return ans[n - 1]; 
} 
  
// Driver code 
int main() 
{ 
    int n = 10; 
    cout << findNth(n); 
    return 0; 
} 

Efficient Method :

Algorithm :
1. First convert number n to base 6.
2. Store the converted value simultaneously in an array.
3. Print that array in reverse order.

Below is the implementation of above algorithm :

C++

// CPP code to find nth number 
// with digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
#include <bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
  
#define max 100000 
  
// function to convert num to base 6 
int baseconversion(int arr[], int num, int base) 
  
{ 
    int i = 0, rem, j; 
  
    if (num == 0) { 
        return 0; 
    } 
  
    while (num > 0) { 
        rem = num % base; 
  
        arr[i++] = rem; 
  
        num /= base; 
    } 
  
    return i; 
} 
  
// Driver code 
int main() 
{ 
  
    // initialize an array to 0 
    int arr[max] = { 0 }; 
  
    int n = 10; 
  
    // function calling to convert 
    // number n to base 6 
    int size = baseconversion(arr, n - 1, 6); 
  
    // if size is zero then return zero 
    if (size == 0) 
  
        cout << size; 
  
    for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--) { 
  
        cout << arr[i]; 
    } 
  
    return 0; 
} 
  
// Code is contributed by Anivesh Tiwari. 

Java

// Java code to find nth number 
// with digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
class GFG { 
      
    static final int max = 100000; 
      
    // function to convert num to base 6 
    static int baseconversion(int arr[],  
                          int num, int base) 
    { 
        int i = 0, rem, j; 
      
        if (num == 0) { 
            return 0; 
        } 
      
        while (num > 0) { 
              
            rem = num % base; 
            arr[i++] = rem; 
            num /= base; 
        } 
      
        return i; 
    } 
      
    // Driver code 
    public static void main (String[] args) 
    { 
          
        // initialize an array to 0 
        int arr[] = new int[max]; 
      
        int n = 10; 
      
        // function calling to convert 
        // number n to base 6 
        int size = baseconversion(arr, n - 1, 6); 
      
        // if size is zero then return zero 
        if (size == 0) 
            System.out.print(size); 
      
        for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--) { 
            System.out.print(arr[i]); 
        } 
    } 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by Anant Agarwal. 

C#

// C# code to find nth number 
// with digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
using System; 
  
class GFG { 
      
    static int max = 100000; 
      
    // function to convert num to base 6 
    static int baseconversion(int []arr,  
                              int num, int bas) 
    { 
        int i = 0, rem; 
      
        if (num == 0) { 
            return 0; 
        } 
      
        while (num > 0) { 
              
            rem = num % bas; 
            arr[i++] = rem; 
            num /= bas; 
        } 
      
        return i; 
    } 
      
    // Driver code 
    public static void Main () 
    { 
        // initialize an array to 0 
        int []arr = new int[max]; 
      
        int n = 10; 
      
        // function calling to convert 
        // number n to base 6 
        int size = baseconversion(arr, n - 1, 6); 
      
        // if size is zero then return zero 
        if (size == 0) 
            Console.Write(size); 
      
        for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--) { 
            Console.Write(arr[i]); 
        } 
    } 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by nitin mittal 

Output:

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Recommended: Please solve it on “PRACTICE ” first, before moving on to the solution.

C++

Java

C#

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