Moscow – Map, History, Geography & Population

Moscow, the capital of Russia, is a city full of history, culture, and different people. It’s been important for a long time and has changed the world a lot. From being the main place for the Russian Empire to being the capital of the biggest country today, Moscow has a really interesting story.

In this article, we’ll explore the city of Moscow, its geography, history, map, demography, population, etc.

Moscow – The Capital of Russia

Moscow is the capital and largest city of Russia, situated on the Moskva River in the western part of the country. It has a rich history dating back over 800 years and is known for its iconic landmarks such as the Kremlin, Red Square, and St. Basil’s Cathedral. The city has a population of over 12 million people, making it one of the most populous cities in Europe. Moscow is a major political, economic, cultural, and scientific center with a diverse population and vibrant arts and entertainment scene.

Map of Moscow

Moscow’s map is a representation of its rich history and development over the centuries. The city’s layout is a combination of radial patterns, with main roads radiating out from the center, and circular patterns, with ring roads connecting different districts.

Moscow Map

History of Moscow

• In the beginning, around the 12th century, Moscow started as a small settlement founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. It grew due to its strategic location on trade routes.
• During the 13th century, the Mongols invaded Moscow, ruling for over 200 years. In the 15th century, Ivan the Great expanded Moscow’s influence, becoming the first Tsar.
• Moscow later became the capital in the 16th century, despite a brief move to St. Petersburg.
• The Time of Troubles in the early 17th century brought instability, with Moscow facing invasions.
• The Romanov dynasty restored stability, ruling for over 300 years and contributing to Moscow’s cultural and economic growth.
• In 1917, the Bolsheviks overthrew the Romanovs, establishing the Soviet Union. Moscow became a key political and industrial hub.
• During World War II, Moscow faced Nazi invasion but successfully resisted. In 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed, and Russia gained independence.
• Moscow embraced capitalism, experiencing economic growth and cultural exchange. Today,
• Moscow is a bustling global city with modern developments while preserving its historical landmarks.

Check: Russia | Area, Population, Climate, Government & Resources in Russia

Geography of Moscow

The below describes the geography of Moscow in detail:

Location

• Moscow sits on the East European Plain, a vast flatland extending from Russia to Poland.
• Coordinates: 55°45’N and 37°37’E.

Topography

• Mostly flat with an average elevation of 156 meters.
• Vorobyovy Gory (Sparrow Hills) is the highest point at 220 meters.
• Divided by the Moskva River: northern part is flat, southern part has hills.
• Abundance of parks, forests, and green spaces, making it one of Europe’s greenest cities.

Climate

• Humid continental climate with long, cold winters and short, warm summers.
• January averages -9°C (16°F), July averages 19°C (66°F).
• Significant precipitation (707 mm annually) with common snowfall in winter.

Water Bodies

• Moskva River is the main water body, 502 km long.
• Several smaller rivers and canals feed into it.
• Over 100 lakes, mostly artificial, serving various purposes.

Neighborhoods

• Divided into 125 districts, each with a unique character.
• Central part hosts iconic landmarks; north is industrial; south is residential; west is upscale; east is working-class.

Transportation

• Extensive network includes trains, buses, trams, trolleybuses, and the famous Moscow Metro.
• Moscow Metro is both transportation and a tourist attraction.
• Five major railway terminals connect Moscow to other cities.
• Airports like Sheremetyevo and Domodedovo serve millions annually.

Landmarks

• Red Square, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is central with St. Basil’s Cathedral and the Kremlin.
• The Russian President’s official residence is the Kremlin.
• Other landmarks include Bolshoi Theatre, Gorky Park, and Stalinist skyscrapers known as the Seven Sisters.

Industry

• Economic hub with diverse industries – finance, commerce, manufacturing, and technology.
• Headquarters of Russian and multinational companies.
• Moscow International Business Center (Moscow-City) is a significant business district.

Green Spaces

• Despite urban development, Moscow has over 100 parks, including Gorky Park and Tsaritsyno Park.
• Botanical Garden of Moscow State University is a popular spot for nature lovers.

Surrounding Landscape

• Central Federal District is surrounded by picturesque countryside.
• The Golden Ring, ancient towns northeast of Moscow, is known for history and scenic beauty.
• Tver Oblast region nearby has lakes and forests, offering natural retreats.

Population of Moscow

To begin with, let us first understand the current population of Moscow. As of 2021, the estimated population of Moscow is approximately 12.5 million people. This number includes not just the residents of the city but also those living in its surrounding areas.

• Total Population: In 2021, Moscow had about 12.5 million people, making it the biggest city in Europe and the seventh biggest in the world. More folks keep moving in every year, about 0.7% more. People come to Moscow for jobs and opportunities from all over Russia and beyond.
• Population Density: Moscow is pretty crowded compared to the rest of Russia. There are about 4,970 people for every square kilometer, way more than the national average of just 8 people per square kilometer. It’s because Moscow is a big city where lots of people live and work.
• Age Distribution: People of all ages live in Moscow. The average age is about 40 years old, a bit higher than the national average. But there are many young folks too, about 21% are kids aged 0-14. That’s because Moscow has lots of schools and colleges, so it’s attractive to students. But there are also quite a few older folks, around 12% are 65 or older. Some of them retire in Moscow because it has good facilities for older people.
• Gender Ratio: In Moscow, there are a bit more women than men, with 53% being female and 47% male. This is similar to the rest of Russia, where women are slightly more. But interestingly, among younger folks, there are almost equal numbers of boys and girls, especially among kids aged 0-14.

Moscow Demographic Overview

The below table lists the demographic overview of Moscow:

Total Population	12.5 million (2021)
Population Density	4,970 people/sq. km
Median Age	40 years old
Age Distribution	21% (0-14 years old), 67% (15-64 years old), 12% (65 years and above)
Gender Ratio	53% female, 47% male

Conclusion – Moscow

Moscow has been through a lot wars, revolutions, and big changes. But it’s still standing strong! Its long history, mix of people, and interesting location make it special. With famous places to visit and a lively culture, there’s always something to do in Moscow. It’s a big deal on the world stage, influencing Russia’s politics, economy, and culture.

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Moscow – FAQs

What is the geography of Moscow?

Moscow sits on the Moskva River, spanning over 500 km through central Russia. With 49 bridges, it’s near the border of the forest and forest-steppe zone.

What is the population of Moscow over time?

Moscow’s metro area population in 2023 was 12.68 million, up 0.31% from 2022. In 2022, it was 12.64 million, a 0.38% increase from 2021, which had 12.59 million, up 0.44% from 2020.

Is Moscow the capital of Russia?

Moscow, Russia’s capital along the Moskva River, is the largest city in the country with about 12 million people. It hosts the President’s seat, government, and State Duma (Parliament).

Where is Moscow located?

Moscow is located in Russia’s European region, roughly at latitude 55°45’N and longitude 37°37’E.

What is the history of Moscow?

The history of Moscow began when Prince Yuri Dolgoruky built the city in the twelfth century. With the passage of time and the advent of strongmen such as Ivan the Great, as well as Mongol invasions and times of political unrest, it has developed into an important political, economic, and cultural hub.

What is Moscow’s population?

Moscow is one of the most populated cities in Europe, with an estimated 12.5 million residents as per latest estimates.

What is special about Moscow?

Moscow’s stunning architecture, iconic landmarks, and bustling city life captivate visitors. From the Red Square to the Kremlin, there’s plenty to explore and discover.

Is Moscow a beautiful city?

Moscow, Russia’s capital, is celebrated for its rich history, stunning architecture, and vibrant cultural scene, earning it a place among the world’s most beautiful cities.

What is the geography of Moscow like?

Moscow is split in half by the Moskva River and is located on the East European Plain. Although there is some mountainous hills in the southern portion, the surface is generally level. The city has mild summers and frigid winters due to its humid continental climate.

Is Moscow a diverse city?

Yes, Moscow is a multicultural metropolis home to people of many nationalities, including Tatars, Russians, Ukrainians, Armenians, and others. Its cosmopolitan nature is further enhanced by the sizeable expatriate community that it houses.

What is the economy of Moscow like?

Russia’s economic center is Moscow, which is well-known for its wide range of sectors, including technology, industry, banking, and commerce. Numerous multinational enterprises and Russian companies have their headquarters in this city.