JS 2016 or ECMAScript 2016

JavaScript 2016 (ES2016) is a modified version of ES2015 in which they introduced some new features like JavaScript Exponentiation (**) operator, JavaScript Exponentiation assignment (**=), and Array..includes() method for array element presence checking, enhancing calculations, and array operations, JavaScript 2016 is also known as ECMAScript 2016.

JS 2016 Introduces Three New Features

• JavaScript Exponentiation (**)
• JavaScript Exponentiation assignment (**=)
• JavaScript Array includes()

We will explore all the above methods along with their basic implementation with the help of examples.

Method 1: Exponentiation (**) Operator

JavaScript exponentiation (**) is an operator that raises the left operand to the power of the right operand, simplifying mathematical calculations and providing a concise way to perform power operations.

Syntax:

num1 ** num2

Example: In this example, we are calculating the square and cube of our given number by using JavaScript Exponentiation (**).

Javascript

// Calculate the square of a number
let num1 = 5;
let num2 = 2;
let result = num1 ** num2;

console.log(result);

// Calculate the cube of a number
let result2 = 3 ** 3;

console.log(result2);

Output

25
27

Method 2: Exponentiation Assignment (**=) Operator

JavaScript’s exponentiation assignment (**=) operator updates a variable by raising its value to the power of another.

Syntax:

num1 **= num2

Example: In this example we are using the Exponentiation assignment (**=).

Javascript

// Using the exponentiation assignment operator
let num1 = 2;
let num2 = 3;

// Equivalent to: num1 = num1 ** num2;
num1 **= num2;

console.log(num1);

Output

8

Method 3: JavaScript Array includes() Method

Array.includes() is a method that checks if an element is present in an array, returning boolean value, true if found, false otherwise.

Syntax:

array.includes(searchElement, start)

Example: In this example we are using array includes to find specific element on our given array.

Javascript

let languages = ['HTML', 'CSS', 'JavaScript', 'React.js'];

let search1 = 'HTML';
let search2 = 'Node.js';

console.log(languages.includes(search1));
console.log(languages.includes(search2));

Output

true
false