JS 2018 – ECMAScript 2018

JavaScript 2018 (ES9) or ECMAScript 2018 is a modified version of ES8, in which ES9 introduced new features like asynchronous iteration, rest/spread properties, and enhancements to regular expressions, further improving asynchronous programming, object manipulation, and string handling capabilities.

JavaScript 2018 (ES9) or ECMAScript 2018 new features are:

• Asynchronous Iteration
• Promise Finally
• Object Rest Properties
• New RegExp Features
• SharedArrayBuffer

We will explore all the above methods along with their basic implementation with the help of examples.

Method 1: Asynchronous Iteration

Asynchronous iteration allows looping over asynchronous data streams using for-await-of, we can use await keyword in for/of loop.

Syntax:

for await (variable of asynchronousIterable) {
  // Code to be executed for each iteration
};

Example: In this example, we use async/await to iterate through myArray, calling doSomethingAsync() for each item. It waits for asynchronous tasks to complete before moving to the next iteration

Javascript

const myArray = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

// A function that returns a promise
// that resolves after a random delay
async function doSomethingAsync(item) {
    return new Promise(resolve => {
        setTimeout(() => {
            console.log(item);
            resolve();
        }, Math.random() * 1000);
    });
}

async function main() {
    // Iterate over the array using a for-of loop
    for (const item of myArray) {
        // Wait for the promise returned
        //by doSomethingAsync to resolve
        await doSomethingAsync(item);
    }
}

// Call main to start the program.
main();

Output:

Method 2: Promise Finally

Promise.finally() executes a callback when a promise settles, either resolved or rejected, allowing cleanup operations regardless of the promise outcome.

Syntax:

task.finally(function() {
  // Task to be performed when
  // the promise is settled 
});

Example: In this example we are using the above-explained approach.

Javascript

// Define the Promise
let task = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    setTimeout(() => {

        // Reject the Promise
        reject("Promise has been rejected!");
    }, 2000);
});

task
    .then(
        (data) => {
            console.log(data);
        },

        // Handle any error
        (error) => {
            console.log("Error:", error);
        }
    )

    // Specify the code to be executed
    // after the Promise is settled
    .finally(() => {
        console.log(
            "This is finally() block that is " +
            "executed after Promise is settled"
        );
    });

Output:

Error: Promise has been rejected!
This is finally() block that is executed after Promise is settled

Method 3: Object Rest Properties

Object Rest Properties allow creating new objects with selected properties, simplifying object destructuring and recombination in JavaScript.

Syntax:

{ var1, var2, ...rest } = person;

Example: In this example we are restructuring our object.

Javascript

const person = {
    firstName: 'Rohan',
    lastName: 'Nanda',
    age: 23,
    city: 'Noida'
};

let { firstName, lastName, ...rest } = person;

console.log(firstName);
console.log(lastName);
console.log(rest);

Output

Rohan
Nanda
{ age: 23, city: 'Noida' }

Method 4: New RegExp Features

• Unicode Property Escapes (\p{…}) : matches characters based on Unicode properties or categories in regular expressions.
• Lookbehind Assertions (?<= ) and (?<! ): matches if preceded by pattern, (?<!…) matches if not preceded, enhancing regex flexibility.
• Named Capture Groups: Named Capture Groups assign names to regex captures for organized data extraction and manipulation.
• s (dotAll) Flag: to match newline characters, improving regex pattern matching across lines.

Syntax:

const regex = /\p{Property}/gu;  // Unicode Property Escapes
const regex = /(?<=prefix)pattern/;  //Lookbehind Assertions
const regex = /(?<groupName>pattern)/;  //Named Capture Groups
const regex = /pattern/s;  //s (dotAll) Flag

Example: In this example we are using the above-explained methods.

Javascript

const text = 'GeeksforGeeks';

// Unicode Property Escapes
const letterRegex = /\p{Letter}+/gu;
console.log(text.match(letterRegex));

// Lookbehind Assertions
const positiveLookbehind = /(?<=Geeks)for/;
console.log(text.match(positiveLookbehind));

const negativeLookbehind = /(?<!Geeks)for/;
console.log(text.match(negativeLookbehind));


// s (dotAll) Flag
const dotAllRegex = /G.+s/s;
console.log(text.match(dotAllRegex));

// Named Capture Groups
const regex = /(?<year>\d{4})-(?<month>\d{2})-(?<day>\d{2})/;
const match = regex.exec('2023-08-14');
console.log(match.groups.year);
console.log(match.groups.month);
console.log(match.groups.day);

Output

[ 'GeeksforGeeks' ]
[ 'for', index: 5, input: 'GeeksforGeeks', groups: undefined ]
null
[
  'GeeksforGeeks',
  index: 0,
  input: 'GeeksforGeeks',
  groups: undefined
]
2023
08
14

Method 5: SharedArrayBuffer

SharedArrayBuffer is a JavaScript feature that enables multiple threads to access and manipulate shared memory, aiding concurrent operations, but it requires synchronization to prevent race conditions.

Syntax:

const sharedBuffer = new SharedArrayBuffer(byteLength);

Example: In this example, a SharedArrayBuffer is created with a size of 4 bytes, and an Int32Array view is established over it. The value 42 is assigned to the shared array.

Javascript

// Create a SharedArrayBuffer and an Int32Array view
const sharedBuffer = new SharedArrayBuffer(4);
const sharedArray = new Int32Array(sharedBuffer);

// Modify the shared value in the main thread
sharedArray[0] = 42;

// Log the shared value
console.log(sharedArray[0]);

Output

42

Supported browser:

• Chrome 1
• Edge 12
• Firefox 1
• Safari 1
• Opera 3