Introduction to Debian Linux

Debian is also known as GNU/LINUX, it is a Linux distribution composed of free and open-source packages. Debian, the “Universal Operating System” stands out among the other Linux distributions for its stability and promising features. In this article, we are going to look into the history and features of Debian and understand why it holds the title of “Universal Operating System”. So, without any further trash talk let’s dive into the world of Debian.

What is Debian?

Debian is a free and open-source operating system (OS) that forms the foundation for various Linux distributions. Known for its commitment to stability, security, and free software principles, Debian is developed by a volunteer community worldwide. The Debian project provides a versatile and customizable platform, offering multiple desktop environments and a vast repository of software packages.

• Its robust package management system, APT (Advanced Package Tool), simplifies software installation, updates, and removal.
• Debian serves as the basis for many other popular Linux distributions, emphasizing a dedication to free software ideals and providing a reliable and flexible computing environment for users ranging from individual enthusiasts to large-scale server deployments.

History of Debian

• Founding by Ian Murdock (1993): Debian was founded by Ian Murdock in August 1993 to create a universal, free, and open-source operating system. The project aimed to provide a robust and reliable platform that could be freely distributed and modified.
• Debian 0.01 (1993): The initial release, Debian 0.01, occurred in 1993. This marked the beginning of Debian’s commitment to being a free and open-source operating system. Even in its early stages, Debian emphasized principles of openness, community collaboration, and a focus on user freedom.
• “Toy Story” Release Naming (1996): Starting from 1996, Debian began naming its releases after characters from the Pixar animated film “Toy Story.” This quirky tradition continues today, with each Debian release being associated with a character from the movie. For instance, Debian 2.0 was named “Hamm.
• “Introduction of APT (1997): In 1997, Debian introduced the Advanced Package Tool (APT), a powerful package management system. APT streamlined the installation, upgrading, and removal of software packages, making it easier for users to manage software on their Debian systems. APT’s efficiency and reliability have contributed significantly to Debian’s reputation as a user-friendly and well-maintained distribution.

Releases of Debian

Version	Key Features
0.01 (1993)	Initial release, commitment to free and open source.
1.1 (1996)	Formalized package management system (DPKG).
2.0 (1998)	Introduction of the “Toy Story” release naming tradition (e.g. “Hamm”).
3.0 (2002)	Improved package management with APT.
4.0 (2007)	Introduction of the Debian Social Contract and the Debian Free Software Guidelines.
5.0 (2009)	Inclusion of the Linux kernel version 2.6.
6.0 (2011)	Default switch to the Linux-libre kernel.
7.0 (2013)	Multi-architecture support (32-bit, 64-bit, and more).
8.0 (2015)	Systemd was introduced as the default init system.
9.0 (2017)	Secure Boot support, and improved UEFI compatibility.
10.0 (2019)	Introduction of the “Buster” release name.
11.0 (2021)	Continued focus on security, performance, and stability.
12.0 (2023)	Newer software and features.

Features of Debian

1. Open Source: Debian is open source so that, individuals can contribute and improve the the code to make Debain more efficient and secure.
2. User Friendly: Debian comes with clean and sleek user interface. Not like windows are flooded with news and unnecessary ads.
3. Package Management: Debian allows users to install software and perform operations like updating and removing software using APT. You can see the APT commands above.
4. Software Centre: Debain provides a GUI Software Center from where users can install software like vscode, vlc, pycharm, etc.
5. Reliability: Debian has a conservative and stable release cycle. Most updates are well-tested before release making sure, that no updates should break the system.

Advantages of Debian

1. Focus on security and Privacy: Debian and Debian-based distributions focus on the security and privacy of the users. They do not track your activity to show you a custom feed like Windows.
2. Protection against Viruses: Debian as it is an open source and Linux-based kernel has better protection against viruses. As the user has the root control over the system, thus making user to do anything like restricting app activity and even more.
3. Free to use: Debian is free to use and very easy to install. If you want to know how you can install Debian on your system, then read our article on how to install Debian or Debian-based distribution on your system.
4. Software Availability: Debian has a vast number of compatible software. Ranges from productive software to programming software.

Disadvantages of Debian

1. Less Installed Software: when installing Debian for the first time, it has less productive software installed in it by default. So, users have to install software or necessary software by themselves.
2. Command Line: As terminal plays an important role while working with Debian or any Linux kernel. For learning terminal commands users have to take some time to learn them so that they can be used more efficiently.
3. Drivers problem: As Debian strictly adheres to the free software principles, users sometimes face problems while installing necessary drivers. Eg while installing Nvidia drivers, users face many problems.

Hardware Requirements

1. Minimum Specifications:

• CPU: Pentium 4 or equivalent
• RAM: 512 MB
• Disk Space: 10 GB

2. Preferred Specifications:

• CPU: Multi-core processor (modern architecture)
• RAM: 2 GB or more
• Disk Space: 20 GB or more

Frequently Asked Questions on Debian – FAQs

Is Debian free of cost?

Yes, Debian is absolutely free of cost. Just download it from the official site, make a bootable drive and you are good to go.

How is Debian different from other Linux distributions?

Debian serves as the foundation for many other distributions and is known for its commitment to free software. Its stable release cycle, rigorous testing, and versatile package management system (APT) set it apart.

Is Debian User Friendly?

Yes. Debain is user friendly and easy to use operating system, any user can use it for any purpose and it is very lightweight.

Is Windows software compatible with Debian?

Most of the programming software like VScode, Jet Brains IDE, etc are compatible but not all window’s software are compatible with debian.

Is Debian a good choice for ethical hacking or pentesting?

Yes. Kali Linux is Debian based distribution and you can run and install all the ethical hacking and pentesting tools on Debian as well on Ubuntu which is a another debian based distribution.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Debian stands as a stalwart in the context of open-source operating systems, consisting of features of stability, security, and user privilege. Since its inception in 1993 by Ian Murdock, Debian has evolved into a versatile and reliable platform, with its releases named after characters from “Toy Story” since 1996, adding a touch of uniqueness to its identity. The introduction of the Advanced Package Tool (APT) in 1997 revolutionized package management, making software installation and maintenance more efficient.