Insertion at Specific Position in a Circular Doubly Linked List
Prerequisite:
Given the start pointer pointing to the start of a Circular Doubly Linked List, an element and a position. The task is to insert the element at the specified position in the given Circular Doubly Linked List.
The idea is to count the total number of elements in the list. Check whether the specified location is valid or not, i.e. location is within the count.
If location is valid:
- Create a newNode in the memory.
- Traverse in the list using a temporary pointer(temp) till the node just before the given position at which a new node is needed to be inserted.
- Insert the new node by performing below operations:
- Assign newNode->next = temp->next
- Assign newNode->prev as temp->next
- Assign temp->next as newNode
- Assign (temp->next)->prev as newNode->next
Below is the implementation of the above idea:
C++
// CPP program to convert insert an element at a specific// position in a circular doubly linked list#include <bits/stdc++.h>using namespace std;// Doubly linked list nodestruct node { int data; struct node* next; struct node* prev;};// Utility function to create a node in memorystruct node* getNode(){ return ((struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node)));}// Function to display the listint displayList(struct node* temp){ struct node* t = temp; if (temp == NULL) return 0; else { cout << "The list is: "; while (temp->next != t) { cout << temp->data << " "; temp = temp->next; } cout << temp->data << endl; return 1; }}// Function to count number of// elements in the listint countList(struct node* start){ // Declare temp pointer to // traverse the list struct node* temp = start; // Variable to store the count int count = 0; // Iterate the list and increment the count while (temp->next != start) { temp = temp->next; count++; } // As the list is circular, increment the // counter at last count++; return count;}// Function to insert a node at a given position// in the circular doubly linked listbool insertAtLocation(struct node* start, int data, int loc){ // Declare two pointers struct node *temp, *newNode; int i, count; // Create a new node in memory newNode = getNode(); // Point temp to start temp = start; // count of total elements in the list count = countList(start); // If list is empty or the position is // not valid, return false if (temp == NULL || count < loc) return false; else { // Assign the data newNode->data = data; // Iterate till the loc for (i = 1; i < loc - 1; i++) { temp = temp->next; } // See in Image, circle 1 newNode->next = temp->next; // See in Image, Circle 2 (temp->next)->prev = newNode; // See in Image, Circle 3 temp->next = newNode; // See in Image, Circle 4 newNode->prev = temp; return true; } return false;}// Function to create circular doubly linked list// from array elementsvoid createList(int arr[], int n, struct node** start){ // Declare newNode and temporary pointer struct node *newNode, *temp; int i; // Iterate the loop until array length for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { // Create new node newNode = getNode(); // Assign the array data newNode->data = arr[i]; // If it is first element // Put that node prev and next as start // as it is circular if (i == 0) { *start = newNode; newNode->prev = *start; newNode->next = *start; } else { // Find the last node temp = (*start)->prev; // Add the last node to make them // in circular fashion temp->next = newNode; newNode->next = *start; newNode->prev = temp; temp = *start; temp->prev = newNode; } }}// Driver Codeint main(){ // Array elements to create // circular doubly linked list int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }; int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); // Start Pointer struct node* start = NULL; // Create the List createList(arr, n, &start); // Display the list before insertion displayList(start); // Inserting 8 at 3rd position insertAtLocation(start, 8, 3); // Display the list after insertion displayList(start); return 0;} |
Java
// Java program to convert insert// an element at a specific position// in a circular doubly linked listing,// end and middleclass GFG{// Doubly linked list nodestatic class node{ int data; node next; node prev;};// Utility function to create a node in memorystatic node getNode(){ return new node();}// Function to display the liststatic int displayList( node temp){ node t = temp; if (temp == null) return 0; else { System.out.println( "The list is: "); while (temp.next != t) { System.out.print( temp.data + " "); temp = temp.next; } System.out.println( temp.data ); return 1; }}// Function to count number of// elements in the liststatic int countList( node start){ // Declare temp pointer to // traverse the list node temp = start; // Variable to store the count int count = 0; // Iterate the list and // increment the count while (temp.next != start) { temp = temp.next; count++; } // As the list is circular, increment // the counter at last count++; return count;}// Function to insert a node at// a given position in the// circular doubly linked liststatic node insertAtLocation( node start, int data, int loc){ // Declare two pointers node temp, newNode; int i, count; // Create a new node in memory newNode = getNode(); // Point temp to start temp = start; // count of total elements in the list count = countList(start); // If list is empty or the position is // not valid, return false if (temp == null || count < loc) return start; else { // Assign the data newNode.data = data; // Iterate till the loc for (i = 1; i < loc - 1; i++) { temp = temp.next; } // See in Image, circle 1 newNode.next = temp.next; // See in Image, Circle 2 (temp.next).prev = newNode; // See in Image, Circle 3 temp.next = newNode; // See in Image, Circle 4 newNode.prev = temp; return start; }}// Function to create circular doubly // linked list from array elementsstatic node createList(int arr[], int n, node start){ // Declare newNode and temporary pointer node newNode, temp; int i; // Iterate the loop until array length for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { // Create new node newNode = getNode(); // Assign the array data newNode.data = arr[i]; // If it is first element // Put that node prev and next as start // as it is circular if (i == 0) { start = newNode; newNode.prev = start; newNode.next = start; } else { // Find the last node temp = (start).prev; // Add the last node to make them // in circular fashion temp.next = newNode; newNode.next = start; newNode.prev = temp; temp = start; temp.prev = newNode; } } return start;}// Driver Codepublic static void main(String args[]){ // Array elements to create // circular doubly linked list int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }; int n = arr.length; // Start Pointer node start = null; // Create the List start = createList(arr, n, start); // Display the list before insertion displayList(start); // Inserting 8 at 3rd position start = insertAtLocation(start, 8, 3); // Display the list after insertion displayList(start);}}// This code is contributed by Arnab Kundu |
Python3
# Python3 program to insert an element# at a specific position in a# circular doubly linked list# Node of the doubly linked listclass Node: def __init__(self, data): self.data = data self.prev = None self.next = None# Utility function to create# a node in memorydef getNode(): return (Node(0))# Function to display the listdef displayList(temp): t = temp if (temp == None): return 0 else : print("The list is: ", end = " ") while (temp.next != t): print( temp.data, end = " ") temp = temp.next print(temp.data ) return 1# Function to count number of# elements in the listdef countList( start): # Declare temp pointer to # traverse the list temp = start # Variable to store the count count = 0 # Iterate the list and increment the count while (temp.next != start) : temp = temp.next count = count + 1 # As the list is circular, increment the # counter at last count = count + 1 return count# Function to insert a node at a given position# in the circular doubly linked listdef insertAtLocation(start, data, loc): # Declare two pointers temp = None newNode = None i = 0 count = 0 # Create a new node in memory newNode = getNode() # Point temp to start temp = start # count of total elements in the list count = countList(start) # If list is empty or the position is # not valid, return False if (temp == None or count < loc): return start else : # Assign the data newNode.data = data # Iterate till the loc i = 1; while(i < loc - 1) : temp = temp.next i = i + 1 # See in Image, circle 1 newNode.next = temp.next # See in Image, Circle 2 (temp.next).prev = newNode # See in Image, Circle 3 temp.next = newNode # See in Image, Circle 4 newNode.prev = temp return start return start# Function to create circular# doubly linked list from array elementsdef createList(arr, n, start): # Declare newNode and temporary pointer newNode = None temp = None i = 0 # Iterate the loop until array length while (i < n) : # Create new node newNode = getNode() # Assign the array data newNode.data = arr[i] # If it is first element # Put that node prev and next as start # as it is circular if (i == 0) : start = newNode newNode.prev = start newNode.next = start else : # Find the last node temp = (start).prev # Add the last node to make them # in circular fashion temp.next = newNode newNode.next = start newNode.prev = temp temp = start temp.prev = newNode i = i + 1; return start# Driver Codeif __name__ == "__main__": # Array elements to create # circular doubly linked list arr = [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] n = len(arr) # Start Pointer start = None # Create the List start = createList(arr, n, start) # Display the list before insertion displayList(start) # Inserting 8 at 3rd position start = insertAtLocation(start, 8, 3) # Display the list after insertion displayList(start) # This code is contributed by Arnab Kundu |
C#
// C# program to convert insert// an element at a specific position// in a circular doubly linked listing,// end and middleusing System;class GFG{// Doubly linked list nodepublic class node{ public int data; public node next; public node prev;};// Utility function to create a node in memorystatic node getNode(){ return new node();}// Function to display the liststatic int displayList( node temp){ node t = temp; if (temp == null) return 0; else { Console.WriteLine( "The list is: "); while (temp.next != t) { Console.Write( temp.data + " "); temp = temp.next; } Console.WriteLine( temp.data ); return 1; }}// Function to count number of// elements in the liststatic int countList( node start){ // Declare temp pointer to // traverse the list node temp = start; // Variable to store the count int count = 0; // Iterate the list and // increment the count while (temp.next != start) { temp = temp.next; count++; } // As the list is circular, increment // the counter at last count++; return count;}// Function to insert a node at// a given position in the// circular doubly linked liststatic node insertAtLocation( node start, int data, int loc){ // Declare two pointers node temp, newNode; int i, count; // Create a new node in memory newNode = getNode(); // Point temp to start temp = start; // count of total elements in the list count = countList(start); // If list is empty or the position is // not valid, return false if (temp == null || count < loc) return start; else { // Assign the data newNode.data = data; // Iterate till the loc for (i = 1; i < loc - 1; i++) { temp = temp.next; } // See in Image, circle 1 newNode.next = temp.next; // See in Image, Circle 2 (temp.next).prev = newNode; // See in Image, Circle 3 temp.next = newNode; // See in Image, Circle 4 newNode.prev = temp; return start; }}// Function to create circular doubly// linked list from array elementsstatic node createList(int []arr, int n, node start){ // Declare newNode and temporary pointer node newNode, temp; int i; // Iterate the loop until array length for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { // Create new node newNode = getNode(); // Assign the array data newNode.data = arr[i]; // If it is first element // Put that node prev and next as start // as it is circular if (i == 0) { start = newNode; newNode.prev = start; newNode.next = start; } else { // Find the last node temp = (start).prev; // Add the last node to make them // in circular fashion temp.next = newNode; newNode.next = start; newNode.prev = temp; temp = start; temp.prev = newNode; } } return start;}// Driver Codepublic static void Main(){ // Array elements to create // circular doubly linked list int []arr = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }; int n = arr.Length; // Start Pointer node start = null; // Create the List start = createList(arr, n, start); // Display the list before insertion displayList(start); // Inserting 8 at 3rd position start = insertAtLocation(start, 8, 3); // Display the list after insertion displayList(start);}}/* This code contributed by PrinciRaj1992 */ |
Javascript
<script> // JavaScript program to convert insert // an element at a specific position // in a circular doubly linked listing, // end and middle // Doubly linked list node class node { constructor() { this.data = 0; this.next = null; this.prev = null; } } // Utility function to create a node in memory function getNode() { return new node(); } // Function to display the list function displayList(temp) { var t = temp; if (temp == null) return 0; else { document.write("The list is: "); while (temp.next != t) { document.write(temp.data + " "); temp = temp.next; } document.write(temp.data + "<br>"); return 1; } } // Function to count number of // elements in the list function countList(start) { // Declare temp pointer to // traverse the list var temp = start; // Variable to store the count var count = 0; // Iterate the list and // increment the count while (temp.next != start) { temp = temp.next; count++; } // As the list is circular, increment // the counter at last count++; return count; } // Function to insert a node at // a given position in the // circular doubly linked list function insertAtLocation(start, data, loc) { // Declare two pointers var temp, newNode; var i, count; // Create a new node in memory newNode = getNode(); // Point temp to start temp = start; // count of total elements in the list count = countList(start); // If list is empty or the position is // not valid, return false if (temp == null || count < loc) return start; else { // Assign the data newNode.data = data; // Iterate till the loc for (i = 1; i < loc - 1; i++) { temp = temp.next; } // See in Image, circle 1 newNode.next = temp.next; // See in Image, Circle 2 temp.next.prev = newNode; // See in Image, Circle 3 temp.next = newNode; // See in Image, Circle 4 newNode.prev = temp; return start; } } // Function to create circular doubly // linked list from array elements function createList(arr, n, start) { // Declare newNode and temporary pointer var newNode, temp; var i; // Iterate the loop until array length for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { // Create new node newNode = getNode(); // Assign the array data newNode.data = arr[i]; // If it is first element // Put that node prev and next as start // as it is circular if (i == 0) { start = newNode; newNode.prev = start; newNode.next = start; } else { // Find the last node temp = start.prev; // Add the last node to make them // in circular fashion temp.next = newNode; newNode.next = start; newNode.prev = temp; temp = start; temp.prev = newNode; } } return start; } // Driver Code // Array elements to create // circular doubly linked list var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]; var n = arr.length; // Start Pointer var start = null; // Create the List start = createList(arr, n, start); // Display the list before insertion displayList(start); // Inserting 8 at 3rd position start = insertAtLocation(start, 8, 3); // Display the list after insertion displayList(start); // This code is contributed by rdtank. </script> |
Output:
The list is: 1 2 3 4 5 6 The list is: 1 2 8 3 4 5 6
Time Complexity: O(n) => for counting the list as we are using a loop to traverse linearly, O(n) => Inserting the elements, as we are using a loop to traverse linearly. So, total complexity is O(n + n) = O(n). Where n is the number of nodes in the linked list.
Auxiliary Space: O(1), as we are not using any extra space.
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