Find Corners of Rectangle using mid points

Consider a rectangle ABCD, we’re given the co-ordinates of the mid points of side AD and BC (p and q respectively) along with their length L (AD = BC = L). Now given the parameters, we need to print the co-ordinates of the 4 points A, B, C and D.

Examples:

Input : p = (1, 0)
        q = (1, 2)
        L = 2
Output : (0, 0), (0, 2), (2, 2), (2, 0)
Explanation:
The printed points form a rectangle which
satisfy the input constraints.

Input : p = (1, 1)
        q = (-1, -1)
        L = 2*sqrt(2)
Output : (0, 2), (-2, 0), (0, -2), (2, 0)

Recommended: Please solve it on “PRACTICE” first, before moving on to the solution.

From the problem statement 3 cases can arise :

The Rectangle is horizontal i.e., AD and BC are parallel to X-axis
The Rectangle is vertical i.e., AD and BC are parallel to Y-axis
The Rectangle is inclined at a certain angle with the axes

The first two cases are trivial and can easily be solved using basic geometry. For the third case we need to apply some mathematical concepts to find the points.

Consider the above diagram for clarity. We have the co-ordinates of p and q. Thus we can find the slope of AD and BC (As pq is perpendicular to AD). Once we have the slope of AD, we can find the equation of straight line passing through AD. Now we can apply distance formula to obtain the displacements along X and Y axes.

If slope of AD = m, then
m = (p.x- q.x)/(q.y - p.y)

and displacement along X axis, dx =  
   L/(2*sqrt(1+m*m))

Similarly, dy = m*L/(2*sqrt(1+m*m))

Now we can simply find the co-ordinates of 4 corners by simply adding and subtracting the displacements obtained accordingly.

Below is the implementation .

C++

// C++ program to find corner points of 
// a rectangle using given length and middle 
// points. 
#include <bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
  
// Structure to represent a co-ordinate point 
struct Point 
{ 
    float x, y; 
    Point() 
    { 
        x = y = 0; 
    } 
    Point(float a, float b) 
    { 
        x = a, y = b; 
    } 
}; 
  
// This function receives two points and length 
// of the side of rectangle and prints the 4 
// corner points of the rectangle 
void printCorners(Point p, Point q, float l) 
{ 
    Point a, b, c, d; 
  
    // horizontal rectangle 
    if (p.x == q.x) 
    { 
        a.x = p.x - (l/2.0); 
        a.y = p.y; 
  
        d.x = p.x + (l/2.0); 
        d.y = p.y; 
  
        b.x = q.x - (l/2.0); 
        b.y = q.y; 
  
        c.x = q.x + (l/2.0); 
        c.y = q.y; 
    } 
  
    // vertical rectangle 
    else if (p.y == q.y) 
    { 
        a.y = p.y - (l/2.0); 
        a.x = p.x; 
  
        d.y = p.y + (l/2.0); 
        d.x = p.x; 
  
        b.y = q.y - (l/2.0); 
        b.x = q.x; 
  
        c.y = q.y + (l/2.0); 
        c.x = q.x; 
    } 
  
    // slanted rectangle 
    else
    { 
        // calculate slope of the side 
        float m = (p.x-q.x)/float(q.y-p.y); 
  
        // calculate displacements along axes 
        float dx = (l /sqrt(1+(m*m))) *0.5 ; 
        float dy = m*dx; 
  
        a.x = p.x - dx; 
        a.y = p.y - dy; 
  
        d.x = p.x + dx; 
        d.y = p.y + dy; 
  
        b.x = q.x - dx; 
        b.y = q.y - dy; 
  
        c.x = q.x + dx; 
        c.y = q.y + dy; 
    } 
  
    cout << a.x << ", " << a.y << " n"
         << b.x << ", " << b.y << "n"; 
         << c.x << ", " << c.y << " n"
         << d.x << ", " << d.y << "nn"; 
} 
  
// Driver code 
int main() 
{ 
    Point p1(1, 0), q1(1, 2); 
    printCorners(p1, q1, 2); 
  
    Point p(1, 1), q(-1, -1); 
    printCorners(p, q, 2*sqrt(2)); 
  
    return 0; 
} 

Java

// Java program to find corner points of  
// a rectangle using given length and middle  
// points.  
  
class GFG  
{ 
  
    // Structure to represent a co-ordinate point  
    static class Point  
    { 
  
        float x, y; 
  
        Point()  
        { 
            x = y = 0; 
        } 
  
        Point(float a, float b)  
        { 
            x = a; 
            y = b; 
        } 
    }; 
  
    // This function receives two points and length  
    // of the side of rectangle and prints the 4  
    // corner points of the rectangle  
    static void printCorners(Point p, Point q, float l)  
    { 
        Point a = new Point(), b = new Point(), 
                c = new Point(), d = new Point(); 
  
        // horizontal rectangle  
        if (p.x == q.x)  
        { 
            a.x = (float) (p.x - (l / 2.0)); 
            a.y = p.y; 
  
            d.x = (float) (p.x + (l / 2.0)); 
            d.y = p.y; 
  
            b.x = (float) (q.x - (l / 2.0)); 
            b.y = q.y; 
  
            c.x = (float) (q.x + (l / 2.0)); 
            c.y = q.y; 
        }  
        // vertical rectangle  
        else if (p.y == q.y) 
        { 
            a.y = (float) (p.y - (l / 2.0)); 
            a.x = p.x; 
  
            d.y = (float) (p.y + (l / 2.0)); 
            d.x = p.x; 
  
            b.y = (float) (q.y - (l / 2.0)); 
            b.x = q.x; 
  
            c.y = (float) (q.y + (l / 2.0)); 
            c.x = q.x; 
        }  
        // slanted rectangle  
        else 
        { 
            // calculate slope of the side  
            float m = (p.x - q.x) / (q.y - p.y); 
  
            // calculate displacements along axes  
            float dx = (float) ((l / Math.sqrt(1 + (m * m))) * 0.5); 
            float dy = m * dx; 
  
            a.x = p.x - dx; 
            a.y = p.y - dy; 
  
            d.x = p.x + dx; 
            d.y = p.y + dy; 
  
            b.x = q.x - dx; 
            b.y = q.y - dy; 
  
            c.x = q.x + dx; 
            c.y = q.y + dy; 
        } 
  
        System.out.print((int)a.x + ", " + (int)a.y + " \n"
                + (int)b.x + ", " + (int)b.y + "\n"
                + (int)c.x + ", " + (int)c.y + " \n"
                + (int)d.x + ", " + (int)d.y + "\n"); 
    } 
  
    // Driver code  
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    { 
        Point p1 = new Point(1, 0), q1 = new Point(1, 2); 
        printCorners(p1, q1, 2); 
  
        Point p = new Point(1, 1), q = new Point(-1, -1); 
        printCorners(p, q, (float) (2 * Math.sqrt(2))); 
    } 
} 
  
// This code contributed by Rajput-Ji 

C#

// C# program to find corner points of  
// a rectangle using given length and middle  
// points.  
using System;  
  
class GFG  
{  
  
    // Structure to represent a co-ordinate point  
    public class Point  
    {  
  
        public float x, y;  
  
        public Point()  
        {  
            x = y = 0;  
        }  
  
        public Point(float a, float b)  
        {  
            x = a;  
            y = b;  
        }  
    };  
  
    // This function receives two points and length  
    // of the side of rectangle and prints the 4  
    // corner points of the rectangle  
    static void printCorners(Point p, Point q, float l)  
    {  
        Point a = new Point(), b = new Point(),  
                c = new Point(), d = new Point();  
  
        // horizontal rectangle  
        if (p.x == q.x)  
        {  
            a.x = (float) (p.x - (l / 2.0));  
            a.y = p.y;  
  
            d.x = (float) (p.x + (l / 2.0));  
            d.y = p.y;  
  
            b.x = (float) (q.x - (l / 2.0));  
            b.y = q.y;  
  
            c.x = (float) (q.x + (l / 2.0));  
            c.y = q.y;  
        }  
          
        // vertical rectangle  
        else if (p.y == q.y)  
        {  
            a.y = (float) (p.y - (l / 2.0));  
            a.x = p.x;  
  
            d.y = (float) (p.y + (l / 2.0));  
            d.x = p.x;  
  
            b.y = (float) (q.y - (l / 2.0));  
            b.x = q.x;  
  
            c.y = (float) (q.y + (l / 2.0));  
            c.x = q.x;  
        }  
          
        // slanted rectangle  
        else
        {  
            // calculate slope of the side  
            float m = (p.x - q.x) / (q.y - p.y);  
  
            // calculate displacements along axes  
            float dx = (float) ((l / Math.Sqrt(1 + (m * m))) * 0.5);  
            float dy = m * dx;  
  
            a.x = p.x - dx;  
            a.y = p.y - dy;  
  
            d.x = p.x + dx;  
            d.y = p.y + dy;  
  
            b.x = q.x - dx;  
            b.y = q.y - dy;  
  
            c.x = q.x + dx;  
            c.y = q.y + dy;  
        }  
  
        Console.Write((int)a.x + ", " + (int)a.y + " \n"
                + (int)b.x + ", " + (int)b.y + "\n"
                + (int)c.x + ", " + (int)c.y + " \n"
                + (int)d.x + ", " + (int)d.y + "\n");  
    }  
  
    // Driver code  
    public static void Main(String[] args)  
    {  
        Point p1 = new Point(1, 0), q1 = new Point(1, 2);  
        printCorners(p1, q1, 2);  
  
        Point p = new Point(1, 1), q = new Point(-1, -1);  
        printCorners(p, q, (float) (2 * Math.Sqrt(2)));  
    }  
}  
  
// This code has been contributed by 29AjayKumar 

Output:

0, 0 
0, 2
2, 2 
2, 0

0, 2 
-2, 0
0, -2 
2, 0

Reference:
StackOverflow

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My Personal Notes

Recommended: Please solve it on “PRACTICE” first, before moving on to the solution.

C++

Java

C#

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