Exchange first and last nodes in Circular Linked List

Given a Circular linked list exchange the first and the last node. The task should be done with only one extra node, you can not declare more than one extra node and also you are not allowed to declare any other temporary variable.
Note: Extra node means need of a node to traverse a list.

Examples:

Input : 5 4 3 2 1
Output : 1 4 3 2 5

Input  : 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Output : 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

We first find pointer to previous of last node. Let this node be p. Now we change next links so that the last and first nodes are swapped.

C++

// CPP program to exchange first and  
// last node in circular linked list 
#include<bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
  
struct Node 
{ 
    int data; 
    struct Node *next; 
}; 
  
struct Node *addToEmpty(struct Node *head, int data) 
{ 
    // This function is only for empty list 
    if (head != NULL) 
    return head; 
  
    // Creating a node dynamically. 
    struct Node *temp =  
        (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); 
  
    // Assigning the data. 
    temp -> data = data; 
    head = temp; 
  
    // Creating the link. 
    head -> next = head; 
  
    return head; 
} 
  
struct Node *addBegin(struct Node *head, int data) 
{ 
    if (head == NULL) 
        return addToEmpty(head, data); 
  
    struct Node *temp = 
        (struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); 
  
    temp -> data = data; 
    temp -> next = head -> next; 
    head -> next = temp; 
  
    return head; 
} 
  
/* function for traversing the list */
void traverse(struct Node *head) 
{ 
    struct Node *p; 
  
    // If list is empty, return. 
    if (head == NULL) 
    { 
        cout << "List is empty." << endl; 
        return; 
    } 
  
    // Pointing to first Node of the list. 
    p = head; 
  
    // Traversing the list. 
    do
    { 
        cout << p -> data << " "; 
        p = p -> next; 
  
    } while(p != head); 
} 
  
/* Function to exchange first and last node*/
struct Node *exchangeNodes(struct Node *head) 
{ 
    // Find pointer to previous of last node 
    struct Node *p = head; 
    while (p->next->next != head) 
       p = p->next; 
      
    /* Exchange first and last nodes using 
       head and p */
    p->next->next = head->next; 
    head->next = p->next; 
    p->next = head; 
    head = head->next; 
  
    return head; 
} 
  
// Driven Program 
int main() 
{ 
    int i; 
    struct Node *head = NULL; 
    head = addToEmpty(head, 6); 
      
    for (i = 5; i > 0; i--) 
    head = addBegin(head, i); 
    cout << "List Before: "; 
    traverse(head); 
    cout << endl; 
      
    cout << "List After: "; 
    head = exchangeNodes(head); 
    traverse(head); 
  
    return 0; 
} 

Java

// Java program to exchange  
// first and last node in  
// circular linked list 
class GFG 
{ 
  
static class Node 
{ 
    int data; 
    Node next; 
}; 
  
static Node addToEmpty(Node head,  
                       int data) 
{ 
    // This function is only 
    // for empty list 
    if (head != null) 
    return head; 
  
    // Creating a node dynamically. 
    Node temp = new Node(); 
  
    // Assigning the data. 
    temp.data = data; 
    head = temp; 
  
    // Creating the link. 
    head.next = head; 
  
    return head; 
} 
  
static Node addBegin(Node head, 
                     int data) 
{ 
    if (head == null) 
        return addToEmpty(head, data); 
  
    Node temp = new Node(); 
  
    temp.data = data; 
    temp.next = head.next; 
    head.next = temp; 
  
    return head; 
} 
  
// function for traversing the list  
static void traverse( Node head) 
{ 
    Node p; 
  
    // If list is empty, return. 
    if (head == null) 
    { 
        System.out.print("List is empty."); 
        return; 
    } 
  
    // Pointing to first  
    // Node of the list. 
    p = head; 
  
    // Traversing the list. 
    do
    { 
        System.out.print(p . data + " "); 
        p = p . next; 
  
    } while(p != head); 
} 
  
// Function to exchange  
// first and last node 
static Node exchangeNodes( Node head) 
{ 
    // Find pointer to previous 
    // of last node 
    Node p = head; 
    while (p.next.next != head) 
    p = p.next; 
      
    // Exchange first and last  
    // nodes using head and p 
    p.next.next = head.next; 
    head.next = p.next; 
    p.next = head; 
    head = head.next; 
  
    return head; 
} 
  
// Driver Code 
public static void main(String args[]) 
{ 
    int i; 
    Node head = null; 
    head = addToEmpty(head, 6); 
      
    for (i = 5; i > 0; i--) 
    head = addBegin(head, i); 
    System.out.print("List Before: "); 
    traverse(head); 
    System.out.println(); 
      
    System.out.print("List After: "); 
    head = exchangeNodes(head); 
    traverse(head); 
} 
} 
  
// This code is contributed  
// by Arnab Kundu 

Python3

# Python3 program to exchange first and  
# last node in circular linked list 
import math 
  
class Node:  
    def __init__(self, data):  
        self.data = data  
        self.next = None
  
def addToEmpty(head, data): 
  
    # This function is only for empty list 
    if (head != None): 
        return head 
  
    # Creating a node dynamically. 
    temp = Node(data) 
  
    # Assigning the data. 
    temp.data = data 
    head = temp 
  
    # Creating the link. 
    head.next = head 
    return head 
  
def addBegin(head, data): 
  
    if (head == None): 
        return addToEmpty(head, data) 
  
    temp = Node(data) 
    temp.data = data 
    temp.next = head.next
    head.next = temp 
  
    return head 
  
# function for traversing the list  
def traverse(head): 
  
    # If list is empty, return. 
    if (head == None): 
      
        print("List is empty.") 
        return
      
    # Pointing to first Node of the list. 
    p = head 
    print(p.data, end = " ") 
    p = p.next
      
    # Traversing the list. 
    while(p != head): 
      
        print(p.data, end = " ") 
        p = p.next
  
def exchangeNodes(head): 
   
    # Find pointer to previous of last node 
    p = head 
    while (p.next.next != head): 
       p = p.next
        
    # Exchange first and last nodes 
    # using head and p  
    p.next.next = head.next
    head.next = p.next
    p.next = head 
    head = head.next
    
    return head 
   
# Driver Code 
if __name__=='__main__':  
  
    head = None
    head = addToEmpty(head, 6) 
    for x in range(5, 0, -1): 
        head = addBegin(head, x) 
    print("List Before: ", end = "") 
    traverse(head) 
    print() 
      
    print("List After: ", end = "") 
    head = exchangeNodes(head) 
    traverse(head) 
  
# This code is contributed by Srathore 

C#

// C# program to exchange  
// first and last node in  
// circular linked list  
using System; 
  
public class GFG  
{  
  
    class Node  
    {  
        public int data;  
        public Node next;  
    };  
  
    static Node addToEmpty(Node head,  
                        int data)  
    {  
        // This function is only  
        // for empty list  
        if (head != null)  
        return head;  
  
        // Creating a node dynamically.  
        Node temp = new Node();  
  
        // Assigning the data.  
        temp.data = data;  
        head = temp;  
  
        // Creating the link.  
        head.next = head;  
  
        return head;  
    }  
  
    static Node addBegin(Node head,  
                        int data)  
    {  
        if (head == null)  
            return addToEmpty(head, data);  
  
        Node temp = new Node();  
  
        temp.data = data;  
        temp.next = head.next;  
        head.next = temp;  
  
        return head;  
    }  
  
    // function for traversing the list  
    static void traverse( Node head)  
    {  
        Node p;  
  
        // If list is empty, return.  
        if (head == null)  
        {  
            Console.Write("List is empty.");  
            return;  
        }  
  
        // Pointing to first  
        // Node of the list.  
        p = head;  
  
        // Traversing the list.  
        do
        {  
            Console.Write(p . data + " ");  
            p = p . next;  
  
        } while(p != head);  
    }  
  
    // Function to exchange  
    // first and last node  
    static Node exchangeNodes( Node head)  
    {  
        // Find pointer to previous  
        // of last node  
        Node p = head;  
        while (p.next.next != head)  
        p = p.next;  
  
        // Exchange first and last  
        // nodes using head and p  
        p.next.next = head.next;  
        head.next = p.next;  
        p.next = head;  
        head = head.next;  
  
        return head;  
    }  
  
    // Driver Code  
    public static void Main()  
    {  
        int i;  
        Node head = null;  
        head = addToEmpty(head, 6);  
  
        for (i = 5; i > 0; i--)  
        head = addBegin(head, i);  
        Console.Write("List Before: ");  
        traverse(head);  
        Console.WriteLine();  
  
        Console.Write("List After: ");  
        head = exchangeNodes(head);  
        traverse(head);  
    }  
}  
  
/* This code is contributed PrinciRaj1992 */

Output:

List Before: 6 1 2 3 4 5 
List After: 5 1 2 3 4 6

This article is contributed by R_Raj. If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article using contribute.geeksforgeeks.org or mail your article to contribute@geeksforgeeks.org. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks.

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My Personal Notes

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

C++

Java

Python3

C#

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