Displacement from origin after N moves of given distances in specified directions

Last Updated : 14 Jun, 2021

Given an array A[] consisting of characters ‘U’, ‘D’, ‘L’, and ‘R’ representing directions up, down, left, and right, and another array B[] consisting of N positive integers, the task is to find the displacement of a robot, starting its journey from (0, 0) facing toward North, after N moves, where in the i^th move, the robot moves a distance B[i] in the direction A[i].

Examples:

Input: A[] = {U, R, R, R, R}, B[] = {1, 1, 1, 1, 0}
Output: 0 North
Explanation:
Initially, the robot is at (0, 0) facing North.
After 1st move, the position is (0, 1) facing North.
After 2nd move, the position is (1, 1) facing East.
After 3rd move, the position is (1, 0) facing South.
After 4th move, the position is (0, 0) facing West.
After 5th move, the position is (0, 0) facing North.

Therefore, the displacement is 0 and the final direction is North.

Input: A[] = {U, L, R, D, R}, B[] = {5, 5, 5, 5, 5}
Output: 11 West

Approach: The given problem can be solved by traversing the given array and keep the track of the direction and the distance traveled in the direction North(N), South(S), East(E), and West(W). Follow the steps below to solve the problem:

Initialize variables, say N, S, E, and W that stores the distances traversed in the directions North, South, East, and West respectively after given set of movements.
Initialize a variable, say P as North, that stores the final direction after performing the given set of movements.
Traverse the given arrays A[] and B[] simultaneously and update the value of distance traverse in all the directions with the current direction.
Now, the vertical displacement is given by (N – S) and the horizontal displacement is given by (E – S).
After completing the above steps, print the final displacement as $\sqrt((N - S)^2 + (E - W)^2)$ and the final direction stored in P.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program for the above approach
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to find the displacement
// from the origin and direction after
// performing the given set of moves
void finalPosition(char a[], int b[],
                   int M)
{
    // Stores the distances travelled
    // in the directions North, South,
    // East, and West respectively
    int n = 0, s = 0, e = 0, w = 0;
 
    // Store the initial
    // position of robot
    char p = 'N';
 
    // Traverse the array B[]
    for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) {
 
        // If the current
        // direction is North
        if (p == 'N') {
 
            if (a[i] == 'U') {
                p = 'N';
                n = n + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'D') {
                p = 'S';
                s = s + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'R') {
                p = 'E';
                e = e + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'L') {
                p = 'W';
                w = w + b[i];
            }
        }
 
        // If the current
        // direction is South
        else if (p == 'S') {
            if (a[i] == 'U') {
                p = 'S';
                s = s + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'D') {
                p = 'N';
                n = n + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'R') {
                p = 'W';
                w = w + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'L') {
                p = 'E';
                e = e + b[i];
            }
        }
 
        // If the current
        // direction is East
        else if (p == 'E') {
            if (a[i] == 'U') {
                p = 'E';
                e = e + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'D') {
                p = 'W';
                w = w + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'R') {
                p = 'S';
                s = s + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'L') {
                p = 'N';
                n = n + b[i];
            }
        }
 
        // If the current
        // direction is West
        else if (p == 'W') {
            if (a[i] == 'U') {
                p = 'W';
                w = w + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'D') {
                p = 'E';
                e = e + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'R') {
                p = 'N';
                n = n + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'L') {
                p = 'S';
                s = s + b[i];
            }
        }
    }
 
    // Stores the total
    // vertical displacement
    int ver_disp = n - s;
 
    // Stores the total
    // horizontal displacement
    int hor_disp = e - w;
 
    // Find the displacement
    int displacement = floor(
        sqrt((ver_disp * ver_disp)
             + (hor_disp * hor_disp)));
 
    // Print the displacement and
    // direction after N moves
    cout << displacement << " " << p;
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    char A[] = { 'U', 'R', 'R', 'R', 'R' };
    int B[] = { 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 };
  
    int N = sizeof(A) / sizeof(B[0]);
 
    finalPosition(A, B, N);
 
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program for the above approach
class GFG{
 
// Function to find the displacement
// from the origin and direction after
// performing the given set of moves
static void finalPosition(char[] a, int[] b, int M)
{
     
    // Stores the distances travelled
    // in the directions North, South,
    // East, and West respectively
    int n = 0, s = 0, e = 0, w = 0;
 
    // Store the initial
    // position of robot
    char p = 'N';
 
    // Traverse the array B[]
    for(int i = 0; i < M; i++) 
    {
         
        // If the current
        // direction is North
        if (p == 'N')
        {
            if (a[i] == 'U')
            {
                p = 'N';
                n = n + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'D')
            {
                p = 'S';
                s = s + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'R')
            {
                p = 'E';
                e = e + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'L') 
            {
                p = 'W';
                w = w + b[i];
            }
        }
 
        // If the current
        // direction is South
        else if (p == 'S') 
        {
            if (a[i] == 'U')
            {
                p = 'S';
                s = s + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'D') 
            {
                p = 'N';
                n = n + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'R')
            {
                p = 'W';
                w = w + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'L')
            {
                p = 'E';
                e = e + b[i];
            }
        }
 
        // If the current
        // direction is East
        else if (p == 'E') 
        {
            if (a[i] == 'U') 
            {
                p = 'E';
                e = e + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'D') 
            {
                p = 'W';
                w = w + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'R') 
            {
                p = 'S';
                s = s + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'L') 
            {
                p = 'N';
                n = n + b[i];
            }
        }
 
        // If the current
        // direction is West
        else if (p == 'W') 
        {
            if (a[i] == 'U') 
            {
                p = 'W';
                w = w + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'D') 
            {
                p = 'E';
                e = e + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'R') 
            {
                p = 'N';
                n = n + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'L')
            {
                p = 'S';
                s = s + b[i];
            }
        }
    }
 
    // Stores the total
    // vertical displacement
    int ver_disp = n - s;
 
    // Stores the total
    // horizontal displacement
    int hor_disp = e - w;
 
    // Find the displacement
    int displacement = (int)Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(
        (ver_disp * ver_disp) + (hor_disp * hor_disp)));
 
    // Print the displacement and
    // direction after N moves
    System.out.print(displacement + " " + p);
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void main(String args[])
{
    char[] A = { 'U', 'R', 'R', 'R', 'R' };
    int[] B = { 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 };
    int N = 1;
     
    finalPosition(A, B, N);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by abhinavjain194

Python3

# Python3 program for the above approach
from math import sqrt, floor
 
# Function to find the displacement
# from the origin and direction after
# performing the given set of moves
def finalPosition(a, b, M):
     
    # Stores the distances travelled
    # in the directions North, South,
    # East, and West respectively
    n = 0
    s = 0
    e = 0
    w = 0
 
    # Store the initial
    # position of robot
    p = 'N'
 
    # Traverse the array B[]
    for i in range(M):
         
        # If the current
        # direction is North
        if (p == 'N'):
            if (a[i] == 'U'):
                p = 'N'
                n = n + b[i]
            elif (a[i] == 'D'):
                p = 'S'
                s = s + b[i]
            elif (a[i] == 'R'):
                p = 'E'
                e = e + b[i]
            elif (a[i] == 'L'):
                p = 'W'
                w = w + b[i]
 
        # If the current
        # direction is South
        elif (p == 'S'):
            if (a[i] == 'U'):
                p = 'S'
                s = s + b[i]
            elif(a[i] == 'D'):
                p = 'N'
                n = n + b[i]
            elif(a[i] == 'R'):
                p = 'W'
                w = w + b[i]
            elif(a[i] == 'L'):
                p = 'E'
                e = e + b[i]
 
        # If the current
        # direction is East
        elif(p == 'E'):
            if (a[i] == 'U'):
                p = 'E'
                e = e + b[i]
            elif (a[i] == 'D'):
                p = 'W'
                w = w + b[i]
            elif (a[i] == 'R'):
                p = 'S'
                s = s + b[i]
            elif (a[i] == 'L'):
                p = 'N'
                n = n + b[i]
 
        # If the current
        # direction is West
        elif (p == 'W'):
            if (a[i] == 'U'):
                p = 'W'
                w = w + b[i]
            elif (a[i] == 'D'):
                p = 'E'
                e = e + b[i]
            elif (a[i] == 'R'):
                p = 'N'
                n = n + b[i]
            elif (a[i] == 'L'):
                p = 'S'
                s = s + b[i]
 
    # Stores the total
    # vertical displacement
    ver_disp = n - s
 
    # Stores the total
    # horizontal displacement
    hor_disp = e - w
 
    # Find the displacement
    displacement = floor(sqrt((ver_disp * ver_disp) +
                              (hor_disp * hor_disp)) + 1)
 
    # Print the displacement and
    # direction after N moves
    print(displacement,p)
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
     
    A = [ 'U', 'R', 'R', 'R', 'R' ]
    B = [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]
    N = len(A)
     
    finalPosition(A, B, N)
 
# This code is contributed by ipg2016107

C#

// C# program for the above approach
using System;
 
class GFG{
 
// Function to find the displacement
// from the origin and direction after
// performing the given set of moves
static void finalPosition(char[] a, int[] b, int M)
{
     
    // Stores the distances travelled
    // in the directions North, South,
    // East, and West respectively
    int n = 0, s = 0, e = 0, w = 0;
 
    // Store the initial
    // position of robot
    char p = 'N';
 
    // Traverse the array B[]
    for(int i = 0; i < M; i++) 
    {
         
        // If the current
        // direction is North
        if (p == 'N')
        {
            if (a[i] == 'U')
            {
                p = 'N';
                n = n + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'D')
            {
                p = 'S';
                s = s + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'R')
            {
                p = 'E';
                e = e + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'L') 
            {
                p = 'W';
                w = w + b[i];
            }
        }
 
        // If the current
        // direction is South
        else if (p == 'S') 
        {
            if (a[i] == 'U')
            {
                p = 'S';
                s = s + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'D') 
            {
                p = 'N';
                n = n + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'R')
            {
                p = 'W';
                w = w + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'L')
            {
                p = 'E';
                e = e + b[i];
            }
        }
 
        // If the current
        // direction is East
        else if (p == 'E') 
        {
            if (a[i] == 'U') 
            {
                p = 'E';
                e = e + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'D') 
            {
                p = 'W';
                w = w + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'R') 
            {
                p = 'S';
                s = s + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'L') 
            {
                p = 'N';
                n = n + b[i];
            }
        }
 
        // If the current
        // direction is West
        else if (p == 'W') 
        {
            if (a[i] == 'U') 
            {
                p = 'W';
                w = w + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'D') 
            {
                p = 'E';
                e = e + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'R') 
            {
                p = 'N';
                n = n + b[i];
            }
            else if (a[i] == 'L')
            {
                p = 'S';
                s = s + b[i];
            }
        }
    }
 
    // Stores the total
    // vertical displacement
    int ver_disp = n - s;
 
    // Stores the total
    // horizontal displacement
    int hor_disp = e - w;
 
    // Find the displacement
    int displacement = (int)Math.Ceiling(Math.Sqrt(
        (ver_disp * ver_disp) + (hor_disp * hor_disp)));
 
    // Print the displacement and
    // direction after N moves
    Console.WriteLine(displacement + " " + p);
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void Main()
{
    char[] A = { 'U', 'R', 'R', 'R', 'R' };
    int[] B = { 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 };
    int N = 1;
     
    finalPosition(A, B, N);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by ukasp

Javascript

<script>
    // Javascript program for the above approach
     
    // Function to find the displacement
    // from the origin and direction after
    // performing the given set of moves
    function finalPosition(a, b, M)
    {
 
        // Stores the distances travelled
        // in the directions North, South,
        // East, and West respectively
        let n = 0, s = 0, e = 0, w = 0;
 
        // Store the initial
        // position of robot
        let p = 'N';
 
        // Traverse the array B[]
        for(let i = 0; i < M; i++)
        {
 
            // If the current
            // direction is North
            if (p == 'N')
            {
                if (a[i] == 'U')
                {
                    p = 'N';
                    n = n + b[i];
                }
                else if (a[i] == 'D')
                {
                    p = 'S';
                    s = s + b[i];
                }
                else if (a[i] == 'R')
                {
                    p = 'E';
                    e = e + b[i];
                }
                else if (a[i] == 'L')
                {
                    p = 'W';
                    w = w + b[i];
                }
            }
 
            // If the current
            // direction is South
            else if (p == 'S')
            {
                if (a[i] == 'U')
                {
                    p = 'S';
                    s = s + b[i];
                }
                else if (a[i] == 'D')
                {
                    p = 'N';
                    n = n + b[i];
                }
                else if (a[i] == 'R')
                {
                    p = 'W';
                    w = w + b[i];
                }
                else if (a[i] == 'L')
                {
                    p = 'E';
                    e = e + b[i];
                }
            }
 
            // If the current
            // direction is East
            else if (p == 'E')
            {
                if (a[i] == 'U')
                {
                    p = 'E';
                    e = e + b[i];
                }
                else if (a[i] == 'D')
                {
                    p = 'W';
                    w = w + b[i];
                }
                else if (a[i] == 'R')
                {
                    p = 'S';
                    s = s + b[i];
                }
                else if (a[i] == 'L')
                {
                    p = 'N';
                    n = n + b[i];
                }
            }
 
            // If the current
            // direction is West
            else if (p == 'W')
            {
                if (a[i] == 'U')
                {
                    p = 'W';
                    w = w + b[i];
                }
                else if (a[i] == 'D')
                {
                    p = 'E';
                    e = e + b[i];
                }
                else if (a[i] == 'R')
                {
                    p = 'N';
                    n = n + b[i];
                }
                else if (a[i] == 'L')
                {
                    p = 'S';
                    s = s + b[i];
                }
            }
        }
 
        // Stores the total
        // vertical displacement
        let ver_disp = n - s;
 
        // Stores the total
        // horizontal displacement
        let hor_disp = e - w;
 
        // Find the displacement
        let displacement = Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(
            (ver_disp * ver_disp) + (hor_disp * hor_disp)));
 
        // Print the displacement and
        // direction after N moves
        document.write(displacement + " " + p);
    }
     
    let A = [ 'U', 'R', 'R', 'R', 'R' ];
    let B = [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ];
    let N = 1;
      
    finalPosition(A, B, N);
 
// This code is contributed by suresh07.
</script>