Difference Between Anaphase I and Anaphase II

The primary difference between anaphase I and anaphase II  is that in the process of anaphase I, homologous chromosomes are separated and are move towards the opposite ends of the cells while throughout anaphase II, sister chromatids are separated and are pushed towards the opposite poles of the cell. Mitosis and meiosis are the two processes of nuclear division that occur in cells. Meiosis procedures are completed into two successive nuclear division processes, that is meiosis I and meiosis II. Both the meiosis I and meiosis II processes of cell division have four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

What is Anaphase?

Anaphase is a basic part of cytology and is a branch of biology that analyze cell structure and cell division. Anaphase is the third phase of mitosis, this procedure by which parent cells produce two identical daughter cells from its nucleus. Before anaphase starts, the sister chromatids, which are the chromosomes that are created, are positioned on the metaphase plate with their equator towards the cell.

What is Anaphase I?

Anaphase I is a subphase of meiosis I. The process of meiosis begins with the first stage of prophase and then metaphase I, in this stage the homologous pairs of chromosomes align on each side of the equatorial plate ( this is also referred to as metaphase plate) and their centromeres attach with the spindle fibers coming from either pole of the cell. Once this chromosome arrangement is completed then the anaphase I phase begins. The paired homologous chromosomes would start to separate (into haploid sets) from each other and move toward the opposite poles as the kinetochore microtubules shrink. This stage starts as soon as homologous chromosomes begin separating and ends when the chromosomes reach opposite poles

What is Anaphase II?

Anaphase II  is a subphase of meiosis II. The process of meiosis II begins with the first stage of prophase and then metaphase II, which is the phase wherein the chromosomes are at the equatorial plane and spindle fibers are attached to the kinetochores. which is moved by 90º relative to anaphase 1. The Anaphase II phase begins when sister chromatids (referred to as a daughter chromosome) Further contraction of the kinetochore microtubules pull each daughter chromosome separate and begin to proceed towards the opposite Poles. The shrinking of the kinetochore microtubules causes separation and movement.

Similarities Between Anaphase I and Anaphase II

• Both Anaphase I and Anaphase II are part of the cell division process in meiosis.
• Both Phases’ spindle fibers pull chromosomes toward the ends of the cells.
• Spindle fibers shrink in both phases.

Difference Between Anaphase I and Anaphase II

Feature	Anaphase I	Anaphase II
Meiosis Phase	Anaphase 1 occurs during the meiosis 1 process of cell division.	Anaphase 1 occurs during the meiosis 1 process of cell division.
Separation During the Phases	In this phase, homologous chromosomes are separated and move toward the opposite Poles.	In this phase, sister chromosomes are separated and move toward the opposite Poles.
Haploid vs Diploid	This phase consists of two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent taking place in diploid cells.	This phase consists of a single set of chromosomes the haploid cell,
Metaphase Plate	in this  stage, the homologous pairs of chromosomes align on each side of the equatorial plate	is that phase wherein the chromosomes are at the equatorial plane which is moved at 90º
Division of centromere	The centromere does not divide in this Phase.	In this step, the sister chromatids are separated by the division of the centromere.
Spindle Fibers	Tin this phase 2 spindle fibers are attached to the centromere of each chromosome in the homologous pair	Two spindle fibers are attached to the same centromere of a single chromosome.

FAQs on Anaphase I and Anaphase II?

Q1: What are two important facts about anaphase 1?

Answer:

Anaphase 1 is the third phase of meiosis 1, throughout the phase of anaphase 1, one pair of the homologous chromosome, which forms a bivalent, is moved towards the opposite ends of the cell with the help of spindle fibers attached to the centromere through kinetochores.

Q2: Why is the anaphase phase different?

Answer:

Anaphase is a very important phase of meiosis 1 of cell division. It ensures that homologous chromosomes, or sister chromatids, separate into two equal sets. This separation of chromosomes is referred to as disjunction. Each set of chromosomes will become part of a new cell.

Q3: How many chromosomes are in anaphase 1?

Answer:

In anaphase I, the attachment of the spindle fibers is complete. The homologous chromosomes are pulled apart and move toward opposite Poles. At this point in which reduction takes place with 23 chromosomes moving toward each pole.

Q4: Which one of the anaphase I and anaphase II occurs in diploid foam?

Answer:

Anaphase I consist of two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent taking place in diploid cells. Anaphase II consists of a single set of chromosomes is a haploid cell,