Creating a tabbed browser using PyQt5
In this article, we will see how we can create a tabbed browser using PyQt5.
Web browser is a software application for accessing information on the World Wide Web. When a user requests a web page from a particular website, the web browser retrieves the necessary content from a web server and then displays the page on the screen.
Tabbing : Adding tabs complicates the internals of the browser a bit, since there will now need to keep track of the currently active browser view, both to update UI elements (URL bar) to changing state in the currently active window and to ensure the UI events are dispatched to the correct web view.
PyQt5 is cross-platform GUI toolkit, a set of python bindings for Qt v5. One can develop an interactive desktop application with so much ease because of the tools and simplicity provided by this library. It has been installed using the command given below
pip install PyQt5
GUI Implementation steps :
1. Create a main window
2. Create a QTabWidget for tabbing, set it as central widget, make them documented and closable, below is how the tabs will look like
3. Create a status bar to show the status tips
4. Create a tool bar and add navigation button and the line edit to show the url, below is hot the tool bar will look like
Back-End Implementation Steps :
1. Add action to the QTabWidget object when double-clicked is pressed
2. Inside the double click action check if the double click is on no tab then call the open tab method
3. Inside the open tab, method create a QUrl object and the QWebEngineView object and set QUrl to it and get the index of the tab
4. Add update url action to QWebEngineView object when url is changed.
5. Inside the update, url action check if action is called by the opened tab then change the url of url bar and change cursor position
6. Add another update title action to the QWebEngineView object when loading is finished
7. Inside the update title method update the title of the window as the page title if the action is called by the open tab only
8. Add action to the tabs when the tab is changed
9. Inside the tab changed action get the url update the url inline edit and the title
10. Add actions to the navigation buttons using the build-in functions of the QWebEngineView object for reloading, back, stop and forward buttons
11. Add action to the home button and inside the action change the url to google.com
12. Add action to the line edit when the return key is pressed
13. Inside the line, edit action get the text and convert this text to the QUrl object and set the scheme if it is null and set this url to the current tab
Below is the implementation
Python3
# importing required librariesfrom PyQt5.QtCore import *from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *from PyQt5.QtGui import *from PyQt5.QtWebEngineWidgets import *from PyQt5.QtPrintSupport import *import osimport sys# main windowclass MainWindow(QMainWindow): # constructor def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(MainWindow, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) # creating a tab widget self.tabs = QTabWidget() # making document mode true self.tabs.setDocumentMode(True) # adding action when double clicked self.tabs.tabBarDoubleClicked.connect(self.tab_open_doubleclick) # adding action when tab is changed self.tabs.currentChanged.connect(self.current_tab_changed) # making tabs closeable self.tabs.setTabsClosable(True) # adding action when tab close is requested self.tabs.tabCloseRequested.connect(self.close_current_tab) # making tabs as central widget self.setCentralWidget(self.tabs) # creating a status bar self.status = QStatusBar() # setting status bar to the main window self.setStatusBar(self.status) # creating a tool bar for navigation navtb = QToolBar("Navigation") # adding tool bar tot he main window self.addToolBar(navtb) # creating back action back_btn = QAction("Back", self) # setting status tip back_btn.setStatusTip("Back to previous page") # adding action to back button # making current tab to go back back_btn.triggered.connect(lambda: self.tabs.currentWidget().back()) # adding this to the navigation tool bar navtb.addAction(back_btn) # similarly adding next button next_btn = QAction("Forward", self) next_btn.setStatusTip("Forward to next page") next_btn.triggered.connect(lambda: self.tabs.currentWidget().forward()) navtb.addAction(next_btn) # similarly adding reload button reload_btn = QAction("Reload", self) reload_btn.setStatusTip("Reload page") reload_btn.triggered.connect(lambda: self.tabs.currentWidget().reload()) navtb.addAction(reload_btn) # creating home action home_btn = QAction("Home", self) home_btn.setStatusTip("Go home") # adding action to home button home_btn.triggered.connect(self.navigate_home) navtb.addAction(home_btn) # adding a separator navtb.addSeparator() # creating a line edit widget for URL self.urlbar = QLineEdit() # adding action to line edit when return key is pressed self.urlbar.returnPressed.connect(self.navigate_to_url) # adding line edit to tool bar navtb.addWidget(self.urlbar) # similarly adding stop action stop_btn = QAction("Stop", self) stop_btn.setStatusTip("Stop loading current page") stop_btn.triggered.connect(lambda: self.tabs.currentWidget().stop()) navtb.addAction(stop_btn) # creating first tab # showing all the components self.show() # setting window title self.setWindowTitle("Geek PyQt5") # method for adding new tab def add_new_tab(self, qurl = None, label ="Blank"): # if url is blank if qurl is None: # creating a google url # creating a QWebEngineView object browser = QWebEngineView() # setting url to browser browser.setUrl(qurl) # setting tab index i = self.tabs.addTab(browser, label) self.tabs.setCurrentIndex(i) # adding action to the browser when url is changed # update the url browser.urlChanged.connect(lambda qurl, browser = browser: self.update_urlbar(qurl, browser)) # adding action to the browser when loading is finished # set the tab title browser.loadFinished.connect(lambda _, i = i, browser = browser: self.tabs.setTabText(i, browser.page().title())) # when double clicked is pressed on tabs def tab_open_doubleclick(self, i): # checking index i.e # No tab under the click if i == -1: # creating a new tab self.add_new_tab() # when tab is changed def current_tab_changed(self, i): # get the curl qurl = self.tabs.currentWidget().url() # update the url self.update_urlbar(qurl, self.tabs.currentWidget()) # update the title self.update_title(self.tabs.currentWidget()) # when tab is closed def close_current_tab(self, i): # if there is only one tab if self.tabs.count() < 2: # do nothing return # else remove the tab self.tabs.removeTab(i) # method for updating the title def update_title(self, browser): # if signal is not from the current tab if browser != self.tabs.currentWidget(): # do nothing return # get the page title title = self.tabs.currentWidget().page().title() # set the window title self.setWindowTitle("% s - Geek PyQt5" % title) # action to go to home def navigate_home(self): # go to google # method for navigate to url def navigate_to_url(self): # get the line edit text # convert it to QUrl object q = QUrl(self.urlbar.text()) # if scheme is blank if q.scheme() == "": # set scheme q.setScheme("http") # set the url self.tabs.currentWidget().setUrl(q) # method to update the url def update_urlbar(self, q, browser = None): # If this signal is not from the current tab, ignore if browser != self.tabs.currentWidget(): return # set text to the url bar self.urlbar.setText(q.toString()) # set cursor position self.urlbar.setCursorPosition(0)# creating a PyQt5 applicationapp = QApplication(sys.argv)# setting name to the applicationapp.setApplicationName("Geek PyQt5")# creating MainWindow objectwindow = MainWindow()# loopapp.exec_() |
Output :
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