Convert array into Zig-Zag fashion

Given an array of DISTINCT elements, rearrange the elements of array in zig-zag fashion in O(n) time. The converted array should be in form a < b > c < d > e < f.
Example:

Input: arr[] = {4, 3, 7, 8, 6, 2, 1}
Output: arr[] = {3, 7, 4, 8, 2, 6, 1}

Input: arr[] = {1, 4, 3, 2}
Output: arr[] = {1, 4, 2, 3}

A Simple Solution is to first sort the array. After sorting, exclude the first element, swap the remaining elements in pairs. (i.e. keep arr[0] as it is, swap arr[1] and arr[2], swap arr[3] and arr[4], and so on).

Time complexity: O(N log N) since we need to sort the array first.

We can convert in O(n) time using an efficient approach. The idea is to use a modified one pass of bubble sort.

Maintain a flag for representing which order(i.e. < or >) currently we need.
If the current two elements are not in that order then swap those elements otherwise not.

Let us see the main logic using three consecutive elements A, B, C.

Suppose we are processing B and C currently and the current relation is ‘<‘, but we have B > C. Since current relation is ‘<‘ previous relation must be ‘>’ i.e., A must be greater than B. So, the relation is A > B and B > C. We can deduce A > C. So if we swap B and C then the relation is A > C and C < B. Finally we get the desired order A C B

Refer this for more explanation.
Below image is a dry run of the above approach:

Below is the implementation of above approach:

C++

// C++ program to sort an array in Zig-Zag form  
#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
  
// Program for zig-zag conversion of array  
void zigZag(int arr[], int n)  
{  
    // Flag true indicates relation "<" is expected,  
    // else ">" is expected. The first expected relation  
    // is "<"  
    bool flag = true;  
  
    for (int i=0; i<=n-2; i++)  
    {  
        if (flag) /* "<" relation expected */
        {  
            /* If we have a situation like A > B > C,  
            we get A > B < C by swapping B and C */
            if (arr[i] > arr[i+1])  
                swap(arr[i], arr[i+1]);  
        }  
        else /* ">" relation expected */
        {  
            /* If we have a situation like A < B < C,  
            we get A < C > B by swapping B and C */
            if (arr[i] < arr[i+1])  
                swap(arr[i], arr[i+1]);  
        }  
        flag = !flag; /* flip flag */
    }  
}  
  
// Driver program  
int main()  
{  
    int arr[] = {4, 3, 7, 8, 6, 2, 1};  
    int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);  
    zigZag(arr, n);  
    for (int i=0; i<n; i++)  
        cout << arr[i] << " ";  
    return 0;  
}  

Java

// Java program to sort an array in Zig-Zag form  
import java.util.Arrays;  
  
class Test  
{  
    static int arr[] = new int[]{4, 3, 7, 8, 6, 2, 1};  
      
    // Method for zig-zag conversion of array  
    static void zigZag()  
    {  
        // Flag true indicates relation "<" is expected,  
        // else ">" is expected. The first expected relation  
        // is "<"  
        boolean flag = true;  
          
        int temp =0;  
      
        for (int i=0; i<=arr.length-2; i++)  
        {  
            if (flag) /* "<" relation expected */
            {  
                /* If we have a situation like A > B > C,  
                we get A > B < C by swapping B and C */
                if (arr[i] > arr[i+1])  
                {  
                    // swap  
                    temp = arr[i];  
                    arr[i] = arr[i+1];  
                    arr[i+1] = temp;  
                }  
                  
            }  
            else /* ">" relation expected */
            {  
                /* If we have a situation like A < B < C,  
                we get A < C > B by swapping B and C */
                if (arr[i] < arr[i+1])  
                {  
                    // swap  
                    temp = arr[i];  
                    arr[i] = arr[i+1];  
                    arr[i+1] = temp;  
                }  
            }  
            flag = !flag; /* flip flag */
        }  
    }  
      
    // Driver method to test the above function  
    public static void main(String[] args)  
    {  
        zigZag();  
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));  
    }  
}  

Python

# Python program to sort an array in Zig-Zag form  
  
# Program for zig-zag conversion of array  
def zigZag(arr, n):  
    # Flag true indicates relation "<" is expected,  
    # else ">" is expected. The first expected relation  
    # is "<"  
    flag = True
    for i in range(n-1):  
        # "<" relation expected  
        if flag is True:  
            # If we have a situation like A > B > C,  
            # we get A > B < C  
            # by swapping B and C  
            if arr[i] > arr[i+1]:  
                arr[i],arr[i+1] = arr[i+1],arr[i]  
            # ">" relation expected  
        else:  
            # If we have a situation like A < B < C,  
            # we get A < C > B  
            # by swapping B and C      
            if arr[i] < arr[i+1]:  
                arr[i],arr[i+1] = arr[i+1],arr[i]  
        flag = bool(1 - flag)  
    print(arr)  
  
# Driver program  
arr = [4, 3, 7, 8, 6, 2, 1]  
n = len(arr)  
zigZag(arr, n)  
  
# This code is contributed by Pratik Chhajer  

C#

// C# program to sort an array in Zig-Zag form 
using System; 
  
class GFG{ 
      
static int []arr = new int[]{ 4, 3, 7, 8, 6, 2, 1 }; 
  
// Method for zig-zag conversion of array 
static void zigZag() 
{ 
      
    // Flag true indicates relation "<"  
    // is expected, else ">" is expected. 
    // The first expected relation 
    // is "<" 
    bool flag = true; 
      
    int temp = 0; 
  
    for(int i = 0; i <= arr.Length - 2; i++) 
    { 
          
        // "<" relation expected 
        if (flag)  
        { 
              
            // If we have a situation like A > B > C, 
            // we get A > B < C by swapping B and C  
            if (arr[i] > arr[i+1]) 
            { 
                  
                // Swap 
                temp = arr[i]; 
                arr[i] = arr[i + 1]; 
                arr[i + 1] = temp; 
            } 
        } 
          
        // ">" relation expected  
        else 
        { 
              
            // If we have a situation like A < B < C, 
            // we get A < C > B by swapping B and C  
            if (arr[i] < arr[i + 1]) 
            { 
                  
                // Swap 
                temp = arr[i]; 
                arr[i] = arr[i + 1]; 
                arr[i + 1] = temp; 
            } 
        } 
          
        // Flip flag  
        flag = !flag;  
    } 
} 
  
// Driver code 
public static void Main(String[] args)  
{ 
    zigZag(); 
    foreach(int i in arr) 
        Console.Write(i + " "); 
} 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by amal kumar choubey 

Output:

3  7  4  8  2  6  1

Time complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

This article is contributed by Siva Krishna Aleti. Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above

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My Personal Notes

C++

Java

Python

C#

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