Changing Pattern of Composition of India’ s Exports| Class 12 Geography Notes

Changing Pattern of Composition of India’s Exports is a part of the Class 12 Geography Chapter 8. It describes the foreign trade of India and the related changes in the Indian trade in the last fifty years. As per the records, Indian exports have shifted their criteria of exports from primary commodities to non-primary commodities. Nowadays, India majorly exports raw resources, agricultural goods, and different types of equipment and machines for development purposes.

In this article, we are going to discuss the Class 12 Geography Chapter 8 Changing Pattern of Composition of India’s Exports in detail.

Changing Patterns of the Composition of India’s Exports

In recent years India’s exports have been changed and recorded as per the commodities. There was a decline has been observed in the international trade of India with different agricultural products. Let us discuss the Changing Pattern of the Composition of India’s Exports as mentioned below.

• Last few decades, India increased its exports of petroleum and crude oil products from different countries.
• Due to the rise in petroleum products, India started to export refined petroleum goods to other countries.
• A huge decline has been recorded in the export of traditional items like tea, coffee, and other agricultural products. This happened due to the huge competition in the international market.
• There is an increase in fruits, sugar, and different marine goods as an export product.
• The other Asian countries and China are the major competitors of India.
• India holds a strong position in the export process of different gems and jewelry as India is the hub of gem stones.

Major Changes in the Composition of India’s Exports

Here are some major changes in the composition of India’s exports as mentioned below as a time frame.

• 1960-61 to 1980-81: The Engineering goods export increased from 3.4% to 12.33%. On the other side, the export of petroleum products increased from 1.1% to 0.4%.
• 1990-91 to 2013-14: The Engineering goods export increased from 11.9% to 19.8%. On the other side, the petroleum products export value was increased from 0.4% to 2.9%.
• 1960-61 to 2013-14: The export share of the different agricultural products decreased from 44.2% to 13.7%. The share of ores and minerals export decreased around from 8.1% to 1.8% which was a drastic change.

Factors that Influence India’s Exports

Here are some major factors that influence the India’s Exports capacity as mentioned below.

Global Economic Conditions

The global economic condition regulates India’s exports which are correlated with the different trading partners. The economic growth and the demand for Indian goods make the demand for Indian goods in the international market.

Exchange Rates

In the international market, the exchange rate is a major factor. The exchange rate is a competitive value that makes the price of the Indian price more affordable in the market.

Government Policies and Trade Regulations

Government Policies and Trade Regulations help to maintain a flow in the international business. It increases export activities with supportive government policies and trade regulations.

Labor Productivity

The productivity of an efficient workforce influences the cost and efficiency of the products. To generate an efficient workforce, it is needed to invest in education and skill development.

Proper Infrastructure

A proper infrastructure is really important to run the export process fluently. The good infrastructure of the ports help the export process by catering different facilities like docking, loading, unloading, and storage of the goods.

Conclusion – Class 12 Geography Notes Chapter 8 Changing Pattern of Composition of India’ s Exports

Class 12 Geography Chapter 8 talks about the Changing Pattern of Composition of India’ s Exports. India majorly exports raw resources, agricultural goods, and different types of equipment and machines for development purposes. There was a decline has been observed in the international trade of India with different agricultural products. In this article we have learned the different factors of Changing Pattern of Composition of India’ s Exports in detail.

Changing Pattern of Composition of India’ s Exports- FAQs

What is the composition of exports in India?

Crude Petroleum products, precious jewels, jewellery, and medicinal compositions are among India’s top exports. Apart from these, Spices, tea, coffee, tobacco, iron and steel are all key exports. The Indian government has set a goal of approximately $1 trillion in merchandise exports for 2027-28.

What do you mean by Indian export?

Presently Foreign Trade Policy 2015-20 is effective from 1st April, 2015. As per FTD & R act, export is defined as an act of taking out of India any goods by land, sea or air and with proper transaction of money.

What is the export potential of India?

The country’s total merchandise exports in FY2022–2023 are estimated to be USD447 billion—the highest ever achieved—as compared to USD422 billion in the previous fiscal. This 6 per cent y-o-y growth is in tandem with other global manufacturing hubs, such as Hong Kong (SAR) China, Vietnam, and Taiwan.

What are the industrial exports of India?

Exports The top exports of India are Refined Petroleum ($86.2B), Diamonds ($25.9B), Packaged Medicaments ($19.5B), Jewellery ($12.6B), and Rice ($11.1B), exporting mostly to United States ($82.9B), United Arab Emirates ($31.6B), Netherlands ($17.6B), China ($15.3B), and Bangladesh ($13.8B).

What is the composition of exports?

Composition of exports means goods that we are selling to other countries. At the time of Independence, our exports consisted mainly of agricultural products like tea, spices, tobacco and other raw materials etc. We were also exporting cotton textiles and jute products in large quantities.