Array range queries over range queries

Given an array of size n and a give set of commands of size m. The commands are enumerated from 1 to m. These commands can be of the following two types of commands:

Type 1 [l r (1 <= l <= r <= n)] : Increase all elements of the array by one, whose indices belongs to the range [l, r]. In these queries of the index is inclusive in the range.
Type 2 [l r (1 <= l <= r <= m)] : Execute all the commands whose indices are in the range [l, r]. In these queries of the index is inclusive in the range. It's guaranteed that r is strictly less than the enumeration/number of the current command.

Note : The array indexing is from 1 as per the problem statement.

Example 1

Input : 5 5
        1 1 2
        1 4 5
        2 1 2
        2 1 3
        2 3 4
Output : 7 7 0 7 7

Explanation of Example 1 :
Our array initially is of size 5 whose each element has been initialized to 0.
So now the question states that we have 5 queries for the above example.

Query 1 is of type 1 : As stated above we will simply increment the array indices by 1 the given indices are 1 and 2 so after the execution of the first our array turns down to be 1 1 0 0 0 .
Query 2 is of type 1 : As stated above we will simply increment the array indices by 1
the given indices are 4 and 5 so after the execution of the first our array turns down to be 1 1 0 1 1 .
Query 3 is of type 2 : As stated in the definition of this type of query we will execute the queries stated in the range i.e. we will operate the queries instead of the array. The range given is 1 and 2 so we will execute queries 1 and 2 again i.e. we will use repetitive approach for the type 2 queries so we will execute query 1 again and our array will be 2 2 0 1 1. Now when we execute the query we will execute query 2 and our resultant array will be 2 2 0 2 2 .
Query 4 is of type 2 : As stated in the definition of this type of query we will execute the queries stated in the range i.e. we will operate the queries instead of the array. The range given is 1 and 3 so we will execute queries 1, 2 and 3 again i.e. using repetitive approach queries 1, 2 and 3 will be executed. After the execution of the query 1 again the array will be 3 3 0 2 2 . After the execution of the query 2 again the array will be 3 3 0 3 3 . Now due to query 3 inclusive in the range we will execute query 3 the resultant array will be 4 4 0 4 4 . As explained above.
Query 5 is of type 2 : The last query will execute the 3rd and 4th query which has been explained above. After the execution of the 3rd query our array will be 5 5 0 5 5 . And after the execution of the 4th query i.e. execution of query 1, 2 and 3 our array will be 7 7 0 7 7 The above is the desired result

Example 2

Input : 1 2
        1 1 1
        1 1 1
Output : 2

Explanation of the example 2:
Our array initially is of size 1 whose each element has been initialized to 0.
So now the question states that we have 2 queries for the above example.

Query 1 is of type 1 : As stated above we will simply increment the array indices by 1 the given indices are 1 and 1 so after the execution of the first our array turns down to be 1 .
Query 2 is of type 1 : As stated above we will simply increment the array indices by 1 the given indices are 1 and 1 so after the execution of the first our array turns down to be 2 . This gives us the desired result

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

Method 1 :
This method is the brute force method where by simple recursion is applied on the type 2 queries and for type 1 queries simple increment in the array index is performed.

C++

// CPP program to perform range queries over range 
// queries. 
#include <bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
  
// Function to execute type 1 query 
void type1(int arr[], int start, int limit) 
{ 
    // incrementing the array by 1 for type  
    // 1 queries 
    for (int i = start; i <= limit; i++)        
        arr[i]++; 
} 
  
// Function to execute type 2 query 
void type2(int arr[], int query[][3], int start, int limit) 
{ 
    for (int i = start; i <= limit; i++) { 
  
        // If the query is of type 1 function 
        // call to type 1 query 
        if (query[i][0] == 1)  
            type1(arr, query[i][1], query[i][2]); 
          
        // If the query is of type 2 recursive call  
        // to type 2 query 
        else if (query[i][0] == 2)  
            type2(arr, query, query[i][1], query[i][2]);         
    } 
} 
  
// Driver code 
int main() 
{ 
    // Input size of array amd number of queries 
    int n = 5, m = 5; 
    int arr[n + 1]; 
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)  
        arr[i] = 0; 
      
    // Build query matrix 
    int temp[15] = { 1, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 2,  
                    1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 3, 4 }; 
    int query[5][3]; 
    int j = 0; 
    for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) { 
        query[i][0] = temp[j++]; 
        query[i][1] = temp[j++]; 
        query[i][2] = temp[j++]; 
    } 
  
    // Perform queries  
    for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++)  
        if (query[i][0] == 1)  
            type1(arr, query[i][1], query[i][2]); 
        else if (query[i][0] == 2)  
            type2(arr, query, query[i][1], query[i][2]);         
  
    // printing the result 
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)  
        cout << arr[i] << " "; 
      
    return 0; 
} 

Python3

# Python3 program to perform range  
# queries over range queries. 
  
# Function to execute type 1 query 
def type1(arr, start, limit): 
      
    # incrementing the array by 1  
    # for type 1 queries 
    for i in range(start, limit + 1): 
        arr[i] += 1
  
# Function to execute type 2 query 
def type2(arr, query, start, limit): 
  
    for i in range(start, limit + 1): 
  
        # If the query is of type 1  
        # function call to type 1 query 
        if (query[i][0] == 1): 
            type1(arr, query[i][1], query[i][2]) 
  
        # If the query is of type 2  
        # recursive call to type 2 query 
        elif (query[i][0] == 2): 
            type2(arr, query, query[i][1],  
                              query[i][2]) 
  
# Driver code 
  
# Input size of array amd  
# number of queries 
n = 5
m = 5
arr = [0 for i in range(n + 1)] 
  
# Build query matrix 
temp = [1, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 2,  
        1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 3, 4 ] 
  
query = [[0 for i in range(3)]  
            for j in range(6)] 
  
j = 0
for i in range(1, m + 1): 
    query[i][0] = temp[j] 
    j += 1
    query[i][1] = temp[j] 
    j += 1
    query[i][2] = temp[j] 
    j += 1
  
# Perform queries 
for i in range(1, m + 1): 
    if (query[i][0] == 1): 
        type1(arr, query[i][1], 
                   query[i][2]) 
    elif (query[i][0] == 2): 
        type2(arr, query, query[i][1],  
                          query[i][2]) 
  
# printing the result 
for i in range(1, n + 1): 
    print(arr[i], end = " ") 
  
# This code is contributed 
# by mohit kumar 

Output:

7 7 0 7 7

The Time complexity of the above code is O(2 ^ m)

Method 2 :
In this method we use an extra array for creating the record array to find the number of time a particular query is being executed and after creating the record array we simply execute the queries of type 1 and the contains of the record array is simply added to the main array the and this would give us the resultant array.

C++

// CPP program to perform range queries over range 
// queries. 
#include <bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
  
// Function to create the record array 
void record_sum(int record[], int l, int r, 
                           int n, int adder) 
{ 
    for (int i = l; i <= r; i++)  
        record[i] += adder;     
} 
  
// Driver Code 
int main() 
{ 
    int n = 5, m = 5; 
    int arr[n]; 
  
    // Build query matrix 
    memset(arr, 0, sizeof arr); 
    int query[5][3] = { { 1, 1, 2 }, { 1, 4, 5 }, 
                         { 2, 1, 2 }, { 2, 1, 3 },  
                         { 2, 3, 4 } }; 
    int record[m]; 
    memset(record, 0, sizeof record); 
  
    for (int i = m - 1; i >= 0; i--) { 
  
        // If query is of type 2 then function 
        // call to record_sum 
        if (query[i][0] == 2)  
            record_sum(record, query[i][1] - 1,  
               query[i][2] - 1, m, record[i] + 1); 
          
        // If query is of type 1 then simply add  
        // 1 to the record array 
        else 
            record_sum(record, i, i, m, 1); 
          
    } 
  
    // for type 1 queries adding the contains of  
    // record array to the main array record array 
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { 
        if (query[i][0] == 1)  
            record_sum(arr, query[i][1] - 1, 
                 query[i][2] - 1, n, record[i]);         
    } 
  
    // printing the array 
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)  
        cout << arr[i] << ' '; 
      
    return 0; 
} 

Java

// Java program to perform range queries  
// over range queries. 
import java.util.Arrays; 
  
class GFG  
{ 
  
    // Function to create the record array 
    static void record_sum(int record[], int l, 
                           int r, int n, int adder) 
    { 
        for (int i = l; i <= r; i++) 
        { 
            record[i] += adder; 
        } 
    } 
  
    // Driver Code 
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    { 
        int n = 5, m = 5; 
        int arr[] = new int[n]; 
  
        // Build query matrix 
        Arrays.fill(arr, 0); 
        int query[][] = {{1, 1, 2}, {1, 4, 5}, 
                         {2, 1, 2}, {2, 1, 3}, 
                         {2, 3, 4}}; 
        int record[] = new int[m]; 
        Arrays.fill(record, 0); 
  
        for (int i = m - 1; i >= 0; i--)  
        { 
  
            // If query is of type 2 then function 
            // call to record_sum 
            if (query[i][0] == 2)  
            { 
                record_sum(record, query[i][1] - 1,  
                                   query[i][2] - 1, m,  
                                   record[i] + 1); 
            }  
              
            // If query is of type 1 then  
            // simply add 1 to the record array 
            else 
            { 
                record_sum(record, i, i, m, 1); 
            } 
  
        } 
  
        // for type 1 queries adding the contains of  
        // record array to the main array record array 
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)  
        { 
            if (query[i][0] == 1)  
            { 
                record_sum(arr, query[i][1] - 1,  
                                query[i][2] - 1, 
                                n, record[i]); 
            } 
        } 
  
        // printing the array 
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
        { 
            System.out.print(arr[i] + " "); 
        } 
    } 
} 
  
// This code is contributed  
// by Princi Singh 

C#

// C# program to perform range queries  
// over range queries. 
using System; 
      
class GFG  
{ 
  
    // Function to create the record array 
    static void record_sum(int []record, int l, 
                        int r, int n, int adder) 
    { 
        for (int i = l; i <= r; i++) 
        { 
            record[i] += adder; 
        } 
    } 
  
    // Driver Code 
    public static void Main(String[] args) 
    { 
        int n = 5, m = 5; 
        int []arr = new int[n]; 
  
        // Build query matrix 
        int [,]query = {{1, 1, 2}, {1, 4, 5}, 
                        {2, 1, 2}, {2, 1, 3}, 
                        {2, 3, 4}}; 
        int []record = new int[m]; 
  
        for (int i = m - 1; i >= 0; i--)  
        { 
  
            // If query is of type 2 then function 
            // call to record_sum 
            if (query[i,0] == 2)  
            { 
                record_sum(record, query[i,1] - 1,  
                                query[i,2] - 1, m,  
                                record[i] + 1); 
            }  
              
            // If query is of type 1 then  
            // simply add 1 to the record array 
            else
            { 
                record_sum(record, i, i, m, 1); 
            } 
  
        } 
  
        // for type 1 queries adding the contains of  
        // record array to the main array record array 
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)  
        { 
            if (query[i, 0] == 1)  
            { 
                record_sum(arr, query[i, 1] - 1,  
                                query[i, 2] - 1, 
                                n, record[i]); 
            } 
        } 
  
        // printing the array 
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
        { 
            Console.Write(arr[i] + " "); 
        } 
    } 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji 

Output :

7 7 0 7 7

The Time complexity of the above code is O(n^2)

Method 3 :
This method has been made more efficient by applying square root decomposition to the record array.

C++

// CPP program to perform range queries over range 
// queries. 
#include <bits/stdc++.h> 
#define max 10000 
using namespace std; 
  
// For prefix sum array 
void update(int arr[], int l) 
{ 
    arr[l] += arr[l - 1]; 
} 
  
// This function is used to apply square root  
// decomposition in the record array 
void record_func(int block_size, int block[],  
         int record[], int l, int r, int value) 
{ 
    // traversing first block in range 
    while (l < r && l % block_size != 0 && l != 0) { 
        record[l] += value; 
        l++; 
    } 
    // traversing completely overlapped blocks in range 
    while (l + block_size <= r + 1) { 
        block[l / block_size] += value; 
        l += block_size; 
    } 
    // traversing last block in range 
    while (l <= r) { 
        record[l] += value; 
        l++; 
    } 
} 
// Function to print the resultant array 
void print(int arr[], int n) 
{ 
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)  
        cout << arr[i] << " ";     
} 
  
// Driver code 
int main() 
{ 
    int n = 5, m = 5; 
    int arr[n], record[m]; 
    int block_size = sqrt(m); 
    int block[max]; 
    int command[5][3] = { { 1, 1, 2 }, { 1, 4, 5 },  
                          { 2, 1, 2 }, { 2, 1, 3 }, 
                          { 2, 3, 4 } }; 
    memset(arr, 0, sizeof arr); 
    memset(record, 0, sizeof record); 
    memset(block, 0, sizeof block); 
  
    for (int i = m - 1; i >= 0; i--) { 
  
        // If query is of type 2 then function 
        // call to record_func 
        if (command[i][0] == 2) { 
            int x = i / (block_size); 
            record_func(block_size, block, record, 
                        command[i][1] - 1, command[i][2] - 1,  
                        (block[x] + record[i] + 1)); 
        } 
        // If query is of type 1 then simply add  
        // 1 to the record array 
        else 
            record[i]++;         
    } 
  
    // Merging the value of the block in the record array 
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { 
        int check = (i / block_size); 
        record[i] += block[check]; 
    } 
  
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { 
        // If query is of type 1 then the array  
        // elements are over-written by the record 
        //  array 
        if (command[i][0] == 1) { 
            arr[command[i][1] - 1] += record[i]; 
            if ((command[i][2] - 1) < n - 1)  
                arr[(command[i][2])] -= record[i];             
        } 
    } 
  
    // The prefix sum of the array 
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)  
        update(arr, i); 
      
    // Printing the resultant array 
    print(arr, n); 
    return 0; 
} 

Java

// Java program to perform range queries over range 
// queries. 
public class GFG { 
  
    static final int max = 10000; 
  
// For prefix sum array 
    static void update(int arr[], int l) { 
        arr[l] += arr[l - 1]; 
    } 
  
// This function is used to apply square root  
// decomposition in the record array 
    static void record_func(int block_size, int block[], 
            int record[], int l, int r, int value) { 
        // traversing first block in range 
        while (l < r && l % block_size != 0 && l != 0) { 
            record[l] += value; 
            l++; 
        } 
        // traversing completely overlapped blocks in range 
        while (l + block_size <= r + 1) { 
            block[l / block_size] += value; 
            l += block_size; 
        } 
        // traversing last block in range 
        while (l <= r) { 
            record[l] += value; 
            l++; 
        } 
    } 
// Function to print the resultant array 
  
    static void print(int arr[], int n) { 
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { 
            System.out.print(arr[i] + " "); 
        } 
    } 
  
// Driver code 
    public static void main(String[] args) { 
  
        int n = 5, m = 5; 
        int arr[] = new int[n], record[] = new int[m]; 
        int block_size = (int) Math.sqrt(m); 
        int block[] = new int[max]; 
        int command[][] = {{1, 1, 2}, {1, 4, 5}, 
        {2, 1, 2}, {2, 1, 3}, 
        {2, 3, 4}}; 
  
        for (int i = m - 1; i >= 0; i--) { 
  
            // If query is of type 2 then function 
            // call to record_func 
            if (command[i][0] == 2) { 
                int x = i / (block_size); 
                record_func(block_size, block, record, 
                        command[i][1] - 1, command[i][2] - 1, 
                        (block[x] + record[i] + 1)); 
            } // If query is of type 1 then simply add  
            // 1 to the record array 
            else { 
                record[i]++; 
            } 
        } 
  
        // Merging the value of the block in the record array 
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { 
            int check = (i / block_size); 
            record[i] += block[check]; 
        } 
  
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { 
            // If query is of type 1 then the array  
            // elements are over-written by the record 
            //  array 
            if (command[i][0] == 1) { 
                arr[command[i][1] - 1] += record[i]; 
                if ((command[i][2] - 1) < n - 1) { 
                    arr[(command[i][2])] -= record[i]; 
                } 
            } 
        } 
  
        // The prefix sum of the array 
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { 
            update(arr, i); 
        } 
  
        // Printing the resultant array 
        print(arr, n); 
  
    } 
  
} 
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar 

C#

// C# program to perform range queries over range 
// queries. 
using System;  
public class GFG { 
   
    static readonly int max = 10000; 
   
// For prefix sum array 
    static void update(int []arr, int l) { 
        arr[l] += arr[l - 1]; 
    } 
   
// This function is used to apply square root  
// decomposition in the record array 
    static void record_func(int block_size, int []block, 
            int []record, int l, int r, int value) { 
        // traversing first block in range 
        while (l < r && l % block_size != 0 && l != 0) { 
            record[l] += value; 
            l++; 
        } 
        // traversing completely overlapped blocks in range 
        while (l + block_size <= r + 1) { 
            block[l / block_size] += value; 
            l += block_size; 
        } 
        // traversing last block in range 
        while (l <= r) { 
            record[l] += value; 
            l++; 
        } 
    } 
// Function to print the resultant array 
   
    static void print(int []arr, int n) { 
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { 
            Console.Write(arr[i] + " "); 
        } 
    } 
   
// Driver code 
    public static void Main() { 
   
        int n = 5, m = 5; 
        int []arr = new int[n]; int []record = new int[m]; 
        int block_size = (int) Math.Sqrt(m); 
        int []block = new int[max]; 
        int [,]command= {{1, 1, 2}, {1, 4, 5}, 
        {2, 1, 2}, {2, 1, 3}, 
        {2, 3, 4}}; 
   
        for (int i = m - 1; i >= 0; i--) { 
   
            // If query is of type 2 then function 
            // call to record_func 
            if (command[i,0] == 2) { 
                int x = i / (block_size); 
                record_func(block_size, block, record, 
                        command[i,1] - 1, command[i,2] - 1, 
                        (block[x] + record[i] + 1)); 
            } // If query is of type 1 then simply add  
            // 1 to the record array 
            else { 
                record[i]++; 
            } 
        } 
   
        // Merging the value of the block in the record array 
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { 
            int check = (i / block_size); 
            record[i] += block[check]; 
        } 
   
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { 
            // If query is of type 1 then the array  
            // elements are over-written by the record 
            //  array 
            if (command[i,0] == 1) { 
                arr[command[i,1] - 1] += record[i]; 
                if ((command[i,2] - 1) < n - 1) { 
                    arr[(command[i,2])] -= record[i]; 
                } 
            } 
        } 
   
        // The prefix sum of the array 
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { 
            update(arr, i); 
        } 
   
        // Printing the resultant array 
        print(arr, n); 
   
    } 
   
} 
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar 

Output :

7 7 0 7 7

Method 4 :
This method has been made more efficient by applying Binary Indexed Tree or Fenwick Tree by creating two binary indexed tree for query 1 and query 2 respectively.

// CPP program to perform range queries over range 
// queries. 
#include <bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
  
// Updates a node in Binary Index Tree (BITree) at given index 
// in BITree.  The given value 'val' is added to BITree[i] and 
// all of its ancestors in tree. 
void updateBIT(int BITree[], int n, int index, int val) 
{ 
    // index in BITree[] is 1 more than the index in arr[] 
    index = index + 1; 
  
    // Traverse all ancestors and add 'val' 
    while (index <= n) { 
  
        // Add 'val' to current node of BI Tree 
        BITree[index] = (val + BITree[index]); 
  
        // Update index to that of parent in update View 
        index = (index + (index & (-index))); 
    } 
    return; 
} 
  
// Constructs and returns a Binary Indexed Tree for given 
// array of size n. 
int* constructBITree(int n) 
{ 
    // Create and initialize BITree[] as 0 
    int* BITree = new int[n + 1]; 
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)  
        BITree[i] = 0; 
      
    return BITree; 
} 
  
// Returns sum of arr[0..index]. This function assumes 
// that the array is preprocessed and partial sums of 
// array elements are stored in BITree[] 
int getSum(int BITree[], int index) 
{ 
    int sum = 0; 
    // index in BITree[] is 1 more than the index in arr[] 
    index = index + 1; 
  
    // Traverse ancestors of BITree[index] 
    while (index > 0) { 
  
        // Add element of BITree to sum 
        sum = (sum + BITree[index]); 
  
        // Move index to parent node in getSum View 
        index -= index & (-index); 
    } 
    return sum; 
} 
  
// Function to update the BITree 
void update(int BITree[], int l, int r, int n, int val) 
{ 
    updateBIT(BITree, n, l, val); 
    updateBIT(BITree, n, r + 1, -val); 
    return; 
} 
  
// Driver code 
int main() 
{ 
    int n = 5, m = 5; 
    int temp[15] = { 1, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 2, 1, 2, 
                            2, 1, 3, 2, 3, 4 }; 
    int q[5][3]; 
    int j = 0; 
    for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) { 
        q[i][0] = temp[j++]; 
        q[i][1] = temp[j++]; 
        q[i][2] = temp[j++]; 
    } 
  
    // BITree for query of type 2 
    int* BITree = constructBITree(m); 
  
    // BITree for query of type 1 
    int* BITree2 = constructBITree(n); 
  
    // Input the queries in a 2D matrix 
    for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++)  
        cin >> q[i][0] >> q[i][1] >> q[i][2]; 
      
     // If query is of type 2 then function call  
     // to update with BITree 
    for (int i = m; i >= 1; i--)         
        if (q[i][0] == 2) 
            update(BITree, q[i][1] - 1, q[i][2] - 1, m, 1); 
      
    for (int i = m; i >= 1; i--) { 
        if (q[i][0] == 2) { 
            long int val = getSum(BITree, i - 1); 
            update(BITree, q[i][1] - 1, q[i][2] - 1, m, val); 
        } 
    } 
  
    // If query is of type 1 then function call  
    // to update with BITree2 
    for (int i = m; i >= 1; i--) {         
        if (q[i][0] == 1) { 
            long int val = getSum(BITree, i - 1); 
            update(BITree2, q[i][1] - 1, q[i][2] - 1, 
                    n, (val + 1)); 
        } 
    } 
  
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)  
        cout << (getSum(BITree2, i - 1)) << " "; 
      
    return 0; 
} 

Output :

7 7 0 7 7

The Time complexity of Method 3 and Method 4 is O(log n) .

This article is contributed by Mohak Agrawal.If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article using contribute.geeksforgeeks.org or mail your article to contribute@geeksforgeeks.org. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks.

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