Who are Adivasis? Class 8 Notes of Chapter 7: Understanding Marginalisation

Adivasis are the original inhabitants of India. They are also known as the indigenous people of India. The word Adivasi means the original inhabitants. Adivasis have unique languages, religions, and forms of self-government, together with a deep bond to their land and respect for nature. 8% of India’s population are Adivasis.

In this article, we will look into the meaning of Adivasis. We will also discuss what religion adivasis practice, and what language adivasis use to communicate. It is an important concept of Class 8. Students can go through this article to get comprehensive notes on ‘Who are Adivasis’?

Who are Adivasis?

The Adivasis are the indigenous people of India and are believed to be the first inhabitants of the country. The word Adivasi means “original inhabitants” in Sanskrit. The Adivasis have distinct languages, religions, and forms of self-government, together with a deep bond to their land and respect for nature.

There are over 500 different Adivasi groups in India. They are especially diverse in states like Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan. Adivasis are mainly found in Jharkhand, Orissa, and other states of North-East India.

Adivasis have been facing many problems since independence. They have been displaced from their land due to the development of mining, industries, and dams. They have also been marginalized in the political and economic spheres. They are often exploited by the upper castes and the government. Adivasis are a proud and resilient people. They have a rich culture and heritage. They are fighting for their rights and a better future.

Religion of Adivasis

Adivasis are a diverse group of indigenous peoples who live in India. They practice a variety of religions, including animism, Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam. Animism is the belief that all things in nature have a soul. Adivasi animists believe that spirits reside in mountains, rivers, animals, and other natural objects. They also believe that their ancestors are spirits who can help or harm them. Hinduism is the majority religion in India. Many Adivasis have converted to Hinduism over the centuries. However, they often retain some of their animistic beliefs and practices. Christianity is another major religion in India. Many Adivasis have converted to Christianity in recent years. They are attracted to Christianity’s message of equality and social justice. Islam is a minority religion in India. However, there are a significant number of Adivasi Muslims. They are mostly concentrated in the eastern and northeastern states of India.

Language of Adivasis

Adivasis speak several languages, which can be broadly classified into seven linguistic groupings: Andamanese, Austro-Asiatic, Dravidian, Indo-Aryan, Nihali, Sino-Tibetan, and Kra-Dai. The most widely spoken Adivasi language is Santhali, which is spoken by over 7 million people. Other Adivasi languages include Gondi, Munda, Ho, Kharia, and Kudukh.

Adivasi languages are an important part of the cultural heritage of India. They are also a valuable source of information about the history and culture of the Adivasi people. However, many Adivasi languages are endangered, and some are already extinct. This is due to several factors, including the spread of Hindi and English, the lack of educational opportunities for Adivasi children, and the discrimination that Adivasi people often face.

It is important to preserve Adivasi languages for future generations. They are a unique and valuable part of the Indian linguistic landscape. By supporting Adivasi languages, we can help to preserve the cultural heritage of the Adivasi people and ensure that their voices are heard.

FAQs on Who are Adivasis?

Who are Adivasis?

Adivasis are indigenous tribal communities native to India.

Where do Adivasis primarily reside?

Adivasis mainly inhabit forested and hilly regions across India.

What languages do Adivasis speak?

Adivasis speak various tribal languages, each unique to their community.

What are the cultural practices of Adivasis?

Adivasis have rich cultural traditions, including unique dances, music, and rituals.

What challenges do Adivasis face?

Adivasis often face issues like land displacement, discrimination, and lack of access to basic amenities.

Are Adivasis recognized by the Indian government?

Yes, Adivasis are recognized as Scheduled Tribes under the Indian Constitution, entitling them to certain benefits and protections.

What is the livelihood of Adivasis?

Adivasis typically rely on subsistence farming, forest produce, and traditional crafts for their livelihood.

How do Adivasis contribute to society?

Adivasis contribute diverse knowledge of ecosystems, sustainable practices, and cultural heritage to society.