Transport & Communication in India| Class 12 Geography Notes

Class 12 Geography Chapter 7 Transport & Communication discusses the developing process of trade and commerce. This chapter discusses the processes of moving products and different commodities through different Modes of Transportation and the proper Communication Systems.

In this article, we are going to discuss Class 12 Geography Chapter 7 which is titled Transport & Communication.

Class 12 Geography Chapter 7 Transport & Communication

The Class 12 Geography Chapter 7 Transport & Communication is based on the different topics related to human settlements and their types. The chapter contains the different types of transport processes and services with the different types of communication. Let us discuss the major aspects of the chapter as mentioned below.

Transport System

Transport is a facility that helps people move their goods and commodities by taking the help of different modes of transportation like roads, railways, waterways, and airways. It is an organized way of loading, unloading, and delivering it to the final destination.

Communication Process and Networks

The Communication Process is a framework that helps to exchange the message between the sender and receiver. The communication network is also a process of transmitting signals through electronic processes like radio, wireless, and similar networks.

Different Modes of Transportation

There are different modes of transportation including land, water, air and pipelines. These modes of transportation helps people to move their products for one location to another. Here are the major modes of transportation as mentioned below.

Land Transport

Land transport is the most convenient and cost-effective way to transport goods from one location to another. In India, there are three major land transport methods as mentioned below.

• Road Transport: Road transport is really economical to cover short-distance transfers. But there are so many problems like excessive rain, heat, floods, and landslides that may affect the services.
• Railways Transport: The Railways are the most convenient way to transfer goods from one location to another for a long distance. Indian railways charge low costs for this type of transport.
• Pipelines Transport: Pipelines generally connect the refineries and storage facilities with the consumers. These pipelines are also connected with the sources of liquid elements that allow to transport of a large amount of commodities throughout the country.

Water Transport

Water Transport is the cheapest mode of transportation which helps to ship goods to another country. This transport process regulates the navigation process with the ships and connects the oceans. Water transport consists of two major components as mentioned below.

• Sea Routes: The sea routes provide a smooth process in all directions with low maintenance costs. Nowadays, passenger ships and cargo have the navigation tools to navigate the sea routes. The shipping canals also help the sea routes to perform the process in an efficient way.
• Inland Waterways: It is a transportation process that consists of rivers, canals, lakes, and coastal areas. It generally depends on the navigation, water flow, and different transport technologies.

Pipeline Transport

The Pipelines Network in India transports the water, oil, gas, and major products throughout the country as are reliable transport system. Pipelines Network in India make sure the stable and continuous flow of the supply of the resources without any hazards.

Different Modes of Communication

The Communication Process helps to exchange the message between the sender and receiver. The communication network transmits the signals through electronic processes like radio, wireless, and similar networks.

Satеllitе Communication

In telecommunications technology, Satеllitе Communication uses different kinds of satellites that are able to transmit digital messages, data, and other forms of data in a fraction of time. It is also considered a global communication system of the Earth.

Cybеr Spacе and Intеrnеt

The Cybеr Spacе is particularly an intеrnеt virtual world that consists of so many digital environments. These digital environments are interconnected with each other. The Cybеr Spacе is not a physical domain. Cyberspace is dynamic as it uses bits and bytes, or zeroes and ones.

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Chapter 7 Transport & Communication- FAQs

What pipe is used in oil and gas?

Steel pipelines are used for oil, gas, and water transportation. Because steel can be used to create large, sturdy, wide-diameter pipes that can carry materials over long distances, this is a very effective and versatile choice of material.

What is line pipe in oil and gas?

Line pipe can be used to transport petroleum, natural gas, oil, and water. It is a durable pipe that must meet certain specifications and regulations. This pipe typically has a high strength and durability in order to withstand high pressures.

What are oil pipelines called?

These pipelines are referred to as “marine” pipelines (also, “submarine” or “offshore” pipelines). They are used primarily to carry oil or gas, but transportation of water is also important. In offshore projects, a distinction is made between a “flowline” and a pipeline.

What size are oil pipelines?

Transportation and distribution pipelines may extend tens to thousands of miles and cross state and continental borders. The pipe used for oil and natural gas pipelines can range in size from two inches to 42 inches in diameter.

What is the communication network?

A communication network refers to the way communication flows between workers or members within an organization. It is the method in which an organization facilitates information throughout a group or team. Communication in an organization can flow downward, upward, horizontal, or diagonal.

Why is a communication network used?

Communications networks have been used to transmit instructions and data for process monitoring and control for many years. Process control networks have used various technologies and topologies, as have business and computer networks in less critical situations.

What is the importance of communication network?

Network in any communication assists the organization in reaching its goals. Once the goals are achieved, any organization will value the importance of a strong network. Managers use these to create a system of information that’s needed by them to handle.

What is the communication structure?

The communication structure refers to the way information flows through the organization, and it can be formal or informal. In general, a communication structure should be designed to facilitate the efficient and effective exchange of information between employees, departments, and teams.