Scala Trait Traversable | Set-3

Prerequisite :
Scala Trait Traversable | Set-1
Scala Trait Traversable | Set-2
It is recommended to see (Set-1, Set-2) before this Set.
The operations are as follows:

• Sub-Collection retrieval operations:
  The operations here are slice, drop, dropWhile, filter, filterNot, tail, take, takeWhile, and init. These operations are utilized to return some sub collection.
  Example :

  // Scala program of Sub-Collection
  // retrieval operation
  
  // Creating object
  object SubCollection
  {
  
      // Main method
      def main(args: Array[String])
      {
  
          // Creating List of numbers
          val x = List(17, 19, 21, 29, 31)
  
          // Applying Sub-Collection
          // retrieval operation
          val y = x.init
  
          // Displays all the elements of
          // the List except the last one
          println(y)
      }
  }
  Output:

  List(17, 19, 21, 29)
  

  Here, init retrieves all the elements of the Traversable collection except the last element.
  Example :

  // Scala program of Sub-Collection
  // retrieval operation
  
  // Creating object
  object SubCollection
  {
  
      // Main method
      def main(args: Array[String])
      {
  
          // Creating List of numbers
          val x = List(17, 19, 21, 29, 31)
  
          // Applying Sub-Collection
          // retrieval operation
          val y = x.tail
  
          // Displays all the elements of
          // the List except the first one
          println(y)
      }
  }
  Output:

  List(19, 21, 29, 31)
  

  Here, tail retrieves all the elements of the Traversable collection except the first element.
  Example :

  // Scala program of Sub-Collection
  // retrieval operation
  
  // Creating object
  object SubCollection
  {
  
      // Main method
      def main(args: Array[String])
      {
  
          // Creating List of numbers
          val x = List(27, 29, 31, 49, 51, 56)
  
          // Applying Sub-Collection
          // retrieval operation
          val y = x.slice(2, 5)
  
          // Displays the elements
          // from index 2 to 4
          println(y)
      }
  }
  Output:

  List(31, 49, 51)
  

  Here, slice will return the elements from the given range of index excluding last index.
  Example :

  // Scala program of Sub-Collection
  // retrieval operation
  
  // Creating object
  object SubCollection
  {
  
      // Main method
      def main(args: Array[String])
      {
  
          // Creating List of numbers
          val x = List(37, 49, 51, 69, 71, 86)
  
          // Applying Sub-Collection
          // retrieval operation
          val y = x.take(2)
  
          // Displays the first two
          // elements of the list
          println(y)
      }
  }
  Output:

  List(37, 49)
  

  Here, this operation will return numbers of elements given in the argument of the take operation.
  Example :

  // Scala program of Sub-Collection
  // retrieval operation
  
  // Creating object
  object SubCollection
  {
  
      // Main method
      def main(args: Array[String])
      {
  
          // Creating List of numbers
          val x = List(33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 44)
  
          // Applying Sub-Collection
          // retrieval operation
          val y = x.drop(4)
  
          // Displays all the elements of
          // the list except the first
          // four elements
          println(y)
      }
  }
  Output:

  List(39, 40, 44)
  

  Here, this operation will return all the elements of the collection except the first number of elements given in the argument of drop operation.
  Example:

  // Scala program of Sub-Collection
  // retrieval operation
  
  // Creating object
  object SubCollection
  {
  
      // Main method
      def main(args: Array[String])
      {
  
          // Creating List of numbers
          val x = List(2, 5, 9, 13, 17, 20)
  
          // Applying Sub-Collection
          // retrieval operation
          val y = x.dropWhile(_ < 10)
  
          // Displays all the elements of
          // the list which are greater
          // than or equal to 10
          println(y)
      }
  }
  Output:

  List(13, 17, 20)
  

  Here, dropWhile will drop the elements until the given condition is satisfied and returns rest of the left elements.
  Example :

  // Scala program of Sub-Collection
  // retrieval operation
  
  // Creating object
  object SubCollection
  {
  
      // Main method
      def main(args: Array[String])
      {
  
          // Creating List of numbers
          val x = List(2, 5, 9, 10, 13, 17, 20)
  
          // Applying Sub-Collection
          // retrieval operation
          val y = x.takeWhile(_ < 13)
  
          // Displays all the elements of
          // the list which are less
          // than 13
          println(y)
      }
  }
  Output:

  List(2, 5, 9, 10)
  

  Here, takeWhile will take the elements until the given condition is satisfied and returns these elements.
  Example :

  // Scala program of Sub-Collection
  // retrieval operation
  
  // Creating object
  object SubCollection
  {
  
      // Main method
      def main(args: Array[String])
      {
  
          // Creating List of numbers
          val x = List(9, 65, 99, 10, 23, 17, 12)
  
          // Applying Sub-Collection
          // retrieval operation
          val y = x.filter(_ < 23)
  
          // Displays all the elements of
          // the list which are less
          // than 23
          println(y)
      }
  }
  Output:

  List(9, 10, 17, 12)
  

  Here, filter will return all the elements until the given condition is satisfied and drops the rest.
  Example :

  // Scala program of Sub-Collection
  // retrieval operation
  
  // Creating object
  object SubCollection
  {
  
      // Main method
      def main(args: Array[String])
      {
  
          // Creating List of numbers
          val x = List(9, 65, 99, 10, 23, 17, 12)
  
          // Applying Sub-Collection
          // retrieval operation
          val y = x.filterNot(_ < 23)
  
          // Displays all the elements of
          // the list which are greater
          // than or equal to 23
          println(y)
      }
  }
  Output:

  List(65, 99, 23)
  

  Here, filterNot will return all the elements which does not satisfies the given condition and drops the rest.

• Subdivision operations:
  These operations include span, partition, splitAt, groupBy. These operations are utilized to break the elements of the collection and return some sub-collections.
  Example :

  // Scala program of Subdivision
  // operations
  
  // Creating object
  object Subdivision
  {
  
      // Main method
      def main(args: Array[String])
      {
  
          // Creating List of numbers
          val q = List(7, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19, 22)
  
          // Applying Subdivision
          // operations
          val r = q.span(_ < 15)
  
          // Displays all the elements in
          // two parts
          println(r)
      }
  }
  Output:

  (List(7, 9, 11), List(15, 17, 19, 22))
  

  Here, span will split the given Traversable collection of element into two parts where, first part is obtained by performing takeWhile operation and second part is obtained by performing dropWhile operation.
  Example :

  // Scala program of Subdivision
  // operations
  
  // Creating object
  object Subdivision
  {
  
      // Main method
      def main(args: Array[String])
      {
  
          // Creating List of numbers
          val q = List(17, 29, 31, 36, 37, 39, 42)
  
          // Applying Subdivision
          // operations
          val r = q.partition(_ < 35)
  
          // Displays all the elements in
          // two parts
          println(r)
      }
  }
  Output:

  (List(17, 29, 31), List(36, 37, 39, 42))
  

  Here, partition will divide the collection into two parts where, first part will return the elements till the given condition is satisfied and second part will return rest of the elements.
  Example :

  // Scala program of Subdivision
  // operations
  
  // Creating object
  object Subdivision
  {
  
      // Main method
      def main(args: Array[String])
      {
  
          // Creating List of numbers
          val q = List(17, 29, 31, 36, 37, 39, 42)
  
          // Applying Subdivision
          // operations
          val r = q.splitAt(4)
  
          // Displays all the elements in
          // two parts
          println(r)
      }
  }
  Output:

  (List(17, 29, 31, 36), List(37, 39, 42))
  

  Here, splitAt will divide the elements of the collection into two parts in the given position where, first part will be obtained by performing take operation and second part will be obtained by performing drop operation.
  Example :

  // Scala program of Subdivision
  // operations
  
  // Creating object
  object Subdivision
  {
      // Main method
      def main(args: Array[String])
      {
  
          // Creating List of numbers
          val x = List(21, 20, 33, 40, 27, 62)
  
          // Applying Subdivision
          // operation
          val y = x.groupBy
          {
  
              // Partial function
              case z : Int if (z % 3 == 0) => z + 3
              case z : Int if (z % 2 == 0) => z + 2
          }
  
          // Displaying Map of lists
          println(y)
      }
  }
  Output:

  Map(42 -> List(40), 24 -> List(21), 64 -> List(62), 22 -> List(20), 36 -> List(33), 30 -> List(27))

  Here, groupBy will divide the Traversable collection on the basis of the partial function given and will return a Map.

• Element test methods:
  These methods include forall, exists, and count. These methods are utilized to test the given collection of Traversable on the basis of stated conditions.
  Example :

  // Scala program of Element
  // test
  
  // Creating object
  object Elementtest
  {
  
      // Main method
      def main(args: Array[String])
      {
  
          // Creating List of numbers
          val x = List(21, 20, 33, 40, 27, 62)
  
          // Applying Element test
          // method
          val y = x forall (_ < 63)
  
          // Displays true if all the
          // elements are lesser
          // than 63
          println(y)
      }
  }
  Output:

  true
  

  Here, forall will return true if all the elements of the collection satisfies the given condition else returns false.
  Example :

  // Scala program of Element
  // test
  
  // Creating object
  object Elementtest
  {
  
      // Main method
      def main(args: Array[String])
      {
  
          // Creating List of numbers
          val x = List(21, 20, 33, 40, 27, 62)
  
          // Applying Element test
          // method
          val y = x exists (_ < 30)
  
          // Displays true if some of
          // the elements are lesser
          // than 30
          println(y)
      }
  }
  Output:

  true
  

  Here, exists will return true if some of the elements of the collection satisfies the given condition else returns false.
  Example :

  // Scala program of Element
  // test
  
  // Creating object
  object Elementtest
  {
  
      // Main method
      def main(args: Array[String])
      {
  
          // Creating List of numbers
          val x = List(21, 20, 33, 40, 27, 62)
  
          // Applying Element test
          // method
          val y = x count(_ < 40)
  
          // Displays the number of
          // elements satisfying the
          // given condition
          println(y)
      }
  }
  Output:

  4
  

  Here, count will display the number of elements of the collection which satisfies the given condition.