Perform Operations over Margins of an Array or Matrix in R Programming – apply() Function
apply()
function in R Language is used to perform mathematical operations across elements of an array or a matrix.
Syntax: apply(x, margin, func)
Parameters:
x: Array or matrix
margin: dimension on which operation is to be applied
func: operation to be applied
Example 1:
# R program to illustrate # apply() function # Creating a matrix A = matrix( 1 : 9 , 3 , 3 ) print (A) # Applying apply() over row of matrix # Here margin 1 is for row r = apply (A, 1 , sum ) print (r) # Applying apply() over column of matrix # Here margin 2 is for column c = apply (A, 2 , sum ) print (c) |
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Output:
[, 1] [, 2] [, 3] [1, ] 1 4 7 [2, ] 2 5 8 [3, ] 3 6 9 [1] 12 15 18 [1] 6 15 24
Example 2:
# R program to illustrate # apply() function # Creating a matrix A = matrix( 1 : 9 , 3 , 3 ) print (A) # Applying apply() over row of matrix # Here margin 1 is for row r = apply (A, 1 , prod) print (r) # Applying apply() over column of matrix # Here margin 2 is for column c = apply (A, 2 , prod) print (c) |
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Output:
[, 1] [, 2] [, 3] [1, ] 1 4 7 [2, ] 2 5 8 [3, ] 3 6 9 [1] 28 80 162 [1] 6 120 504