Perform Operations over Margins of an Array or Matrix in R Programming – apply() Function
apply() function in R Language is used to perform mathematical operations across elements of an array or a matrix.
Syntax: apply(x, margin, func)
Parameters:
x: Array or matrix
margin: dimension on which operation is to be applied
func: operation to be applied
Example 1:
# R program to illustrate # apply() function # Creating a matrix A = matrix(1:9, 3, 3) print(A) # Applying apply() over row of matrix # Here margin 1 is for row r = apply(A, 1, sum) print(r) # Applying apply() over column of matrix # Here margin 2 is for column c = apply(A, 2, sum) print(c) |
Output:
[, 1] [, 2] [, 3]
[1, ] 1 4 7
[2, ] 2 5 8
[3, ] 3 6 9
[1] 12 15 18
[1] 6 15 24
Example 2:
# R program to illustrate # apply() function # Creating a matrix A = matrix(1:9, 3, 3) print(A) # Applying apply() over row of matrix # Here margin 1 is for row r = apply(A, 1, prod) print(r) # Applying apply() over column of matrix # Here margin 2 is for column c = apply(A, 2, prod) print(c) |
Output:
[, 1] [, 2] [, 3]
[1, ] 1 4 7
[2, ] 2 5 8
[3, ] 3 6 9
[1] 28 80 162
[1] 6 120 504
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