Output of C Programs | Set 2

Predict the output of below programs. 
Question 1

c

#include<stdio.h>
char *getString()
{
    char str[] = "Will I be printed?";
    return str;
}
int main()
{
    printf("%s", getString());
    getchar();
}

Output: Some garbage value 
The above program doesn’t work because array variables are stored in Stack Section. So, when getString returns values at str are deleted and str becomes dangling pointer.
Question 2

C

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    static int i=5;
    if(--i){
        main();
        printf("%d ",i);
    }
}

Output

0 0 0 0 

Explanation: Since i is a static variable and is stored in Data Section, all calls to main share same i. 
Question 3

c

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    static int var = 5;
    printf("%d ",var--);
    if(var)
        main();
}

Output

5 4 3 2 1 

Explanation: Same as previous question. The only difference here is, sequence of calling main and printf is changed, therefore different output.
Question 4

C

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int x;
    printf("%d",scanf("%d",&x));
    /* Suppose that input value given
        for above scanf is 20 */
    return 1;
}

Output

1

scanf returns the no. of inputs it has successfully read.
Question 5

C

# include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
   int i=0;
   for(i=0; i<20; i++)
   {
     switch(i)
     {
       case 0:
         i+=5;
       case 1:
         i+=2;
       case 5:
         i+=5;
       default:
         i+=4;
         break;
     }
     printf("%d  ", i);
   }

   getchar();
   return 0;
}

Output

16  21  

Explanation:
Initially i = 0. Since case 0 is true i becomes 5, and since there is no break statement till last statement of switch block, i becomes 16. Before starting the next iteration, i becomes 17 due to i++. Now in next iteration no case is true, so execution goes to default and i becomes 21.
In C, if one case is true switch block is executed until it finds break statement. If no break statement is present all cases are executed after the true case. If you want to know why switch is implemented like this, well this implementation is useful for situations like below.

 switch (c)
 {
    case 'a':
    case 'e':
    case 'i' :
    case 'o':
    case 'u':
      printf(" Vowel character");
      break;
    default : 
      printf("Not a Vowel character"); 
      break;    
  }