Minimum difference between any two weighted nodes in Sum Tree of the given Tree

Difficulty Level : Expert
Last Updated : 29 Oct, 2020

Given a tree of N nodes, the task is to convert the given tree to its Sum Tree(including its own weight) and find the minimum difference between any two node’s weight of the sum tree.

Note: The N nodes of the given tree are given in the form of top to bottom with N-1 line where each line describes two nodes that are connected.

Examples:

Input:

Output: 1
Explanation:
total weight of node 1: 3 (own weight) + (10 + 6 + 5 + 8 + 2 + 7 + 11) (sub-tree node’s weight) = 52
total weight of node 2: 5 (own weight) + (2 + 7 + 11) (sub-tree node’s weight) = 25
total weight of node 3: 8 (own weight) + (0) (sub-tree node’s weight) = 8
total weight of node 4: 10 (own weight) + (0) (sub-tree node’s weight) = 10
total weight of node 5: 2 (own weight) + (0) (sub-tree node’s weight) = 2
total weight of node 6: 6 (own weight) + (5 + 8 + 2 + 7 + 11) (sub-tree node’s weight) = 39
total weight of node 7: 7 (own weight) + (0) (sub-tree node’s weight) = 7
total weight of node 8: 11 (own weight) + (0) (sub-tree node’s weight) = 11
By observing the total weight of each node, Node 4 and 8 have a minimum difference(11-10) = 1

Input:

Output: 0

Approach:

We will traverse the given tree from below and store the weight of that node plus its sub-tree node’s weight in one array and mark the index of each node as visited. So in between, if we revisit that node then we don’t have to count the weight of that node again.
We will sort the array where we have stored the total weight of each node.
Now find the pairwise difference in the sorted array and whichever pair gave minimum difference print that minimum difference at last.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program for the above approach
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to find minimum
// difference between any two node
void MinimumDifference(int total_weight[],
                       int N)
{
    int min_difference = INT_MAX;
 
    for (int i = 1; i < N; i++) {
 
        // Pairwise difference
        if (total_weight[i]
                - total_weight[i - 1]
            < min_difference) {
            min_difference
                = total_weight[i]
                  - total_weight[i - 1];
        }
    }
 
    cout << min_difference << endl;
}
 
// Function to find total weight
// of each individual node
void SumTree(vector<pair<int, int> > v,
             int individual_weight[],
             int N)
{
    // Array to store total weight
    // of each node from 1 to N
    int total_weight[N] = { 0 };
 
    // Array to keep track of node
    // previously counted or not
    int visited[N] = { 0 };
 
    // To store node no. from
    /// N-1 lines
    int first, second;
 
    // To traverse from (N-1)
    // line to 1 line
    for (int i = (N - 2); i >= 0; i--) {
        first = v[i].first;
        second = v[i].second;
 
        // Node is note visited
        if (visited[second - 1] == 0) {
 
            total_weight[second - 1]
                += individual_weight[second - 1];
 
            // Make node visited
            visited[second - 1] = 1;
        }
 
        total_weight[first - 1]
            += total_weight[second - 1];
 
        // Node is note visited
        if (visited[first - 1] == 0) {
 
            total_weight[first - 1]
                += individual_weight[first - 1];
 
            // Make node visited
            visited[first - 1] = 1;
        }
    }
 
    // Sort the total weight of each node
    sort(total_weight, total_weight + N);
 
    // Call function to find minimum
    // difference
    MinimumDifference(total_weight, N);
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    // Total node of rooted tree
    int N = 8;
 
    vector<pair<int, int> > v;
 
    // N-1 lines describing
    // rooted tree from top
    // to bottom
    v.push_back(make_pair(1, 4));
    v.push_back(make_pair(1, 6));
    v.push_back(make_pair(6, 2));
    v.push_back(make_pair(6, 3));
    v.push_back(make_pair(2, 5));
    v.push_back(make_pair(2, 7));
    v.push_back(make_pair(2, 8));
 
    // Array describing weight
    // of each node from 1 to N
    int individual_weight[N] = { 3, 5, 8, 10,
                                 2, 6, 7, 11 };
 
    SumTree(v, individual_weight, N);
 
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program for the above approach
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG{
 
static class pair
{ 
    int first, second; 
    public pair(int first, int second)  
    { 
        this.first = first; 
        this.second = second; 
    }    
} 
 
// Function to find minimum
// difference between any two node
static void MinimumDifference(int total_weight[],
                              int N)
{
    int min_difference = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
 
    for(int i = 1; i < N; i++)
    {
         
        // Pairwise difference
        if (total_weight[i] - 
            total_weight[i - 1] < 
            min_difference) 
        {
            min_difference = total_weight[i] -
                             total_weight[i - 1];
        }
    }
 
    System.out.print(min_difference + "\n");
}
 
// Function to find total weight
// of each individual node
static void SumTree(Vector<pair> v,
                    int individual_weight[],
                    int N)
{
     
    // Array to store total weight
    // of each node from 1 to N
    int total_weight[] = new int[N];
 
    // Array to keep track of node
    // previously counted or not
    int visited[] = new int[N];
 
    // To store node no. from
    /// N-1 lines
    int first, second;
 
    // To traverse from (N-1)
    // line to 1 line
    for(int i = (N - 2); i >= 0; i--)
    {
        first = v.get(i).first;
        second = v.get(i).second;
 
        // Node is note visited
        if (visited[second - 1] == 0)
        {
            total_weight[second - 1] += 
            individual_weight[second - 1];
 
            // Make node visited
            visited[second - 1] = 1;
        }
 
        total_weight[first - 1] += 
        total_weight[second - 1];
 
        // Node is note visited
        if (visited[first - 1] == 0)
        {
            total_weight[first - 1] += 
            individual_weight[first - 1];
 
            // Make node visited
            visited[first - 1] = 1;
        }
    }
 
    // Sort the total weight of each node
    Arrays.sort(total_weight);
 
    // Call function to find minimum
    // difference
    MinimumDifference(total_weight, N);
}
 
// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
     
    // Total node of rooted tree
    int N = 8;
 
    Vector<pair> v = new Vector<>();
 
    // N-1 lines describing
    // rooted tree from top
    // to bottom
    v.add(new pair(1, 4));
    v.add(new pair(1, 6));
    v.add(new pair(6, 2));
    v.add(new pair(6, 3));
    v.add(new pair(2, 5));
    v.add(new pair(2, 7));
    v.add(new pair(2, 8));
 
    // Array describing weight
    // of each node from 1 to N
    int individual_weight[] = { 3, 5, 8, 10,
                                2, 6, 7, 11 };
 
    SumTree(v, individual_weight, N);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Amit Katiyar

Python3

# Python3 program for the above approach
import sys
 
# Function to find minimum difference 
# between any two node
def minimum_difference(total_weight, n):
     
    min_difference = sys.maxsize
     
    for i in range(1, n):
         
        # Pairwise difference
        if (total_weight[i] -
            total_weight[i - 1] < 
            min_difference):
            min_difference = (total_weight[i] -
                              total_weight[i - 1])
    print(min_difference)
 
# Function to find total weight 
# of each individual node
def SumTree(v, individual_weight, N):
     
    # Array to store total weight of
    # each node from 1 to n
    total_weight = [0 for i in range(N)]
     
    # Array to keep track of node 
    # previously counted or not
    visited = [0 for i in range(N)]
     
    # To traverse from (n-1) line to 1 line
    for i in range(N - 2, -1, -1):
        first = v[i][0]
        second = v[i][1]
         
        if visited[second - 1] == 0:
            total_weight[second - 1] += (
            individual_weight[second - 1])
             
            # Make node visited
            visited[second - 1] = 1
             
        total_weight[first - 1] += (
        total_weight[second - 1])
         
        # Node is note visited
        if visited[first - 1] == 0:
            total_weight[first - 1] += ( 
            individual_weight[first - 1])
             
            # Make node visited
            visited[first - 1] = 1
             
    # Sort the total weight of each node
    total_weight.sort()
     
    # Call function to find minimum difference
    minimum_difference(total_weight, n)
     
# Driver Code 
if __name__=='__main__':
     
    # Total node of rooted tree
    n = 8
    v = []
     
    # n-1 lines describing rooted
    # tree from top to bottom
    v.append([1, 4])
    v.append([1, 6])
    v.append([6, 2])
    v.append([6, 3])
    v.append([2, 5])
    v.append([2, 7])
    v.append([2, 8])
 
    # Array describing weight of each 
    # node from 1 to n
    individual_weight = [ 3, 5, 8, 10,
                          2, 6, 7, 11 ]
 
    SumTree(v, individual_weight, n)
 
# This code is contributed by rutvik_56

C#

// C# program for the 
// above approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
class GFG{
 
class pair
{ 
  public int first, 
             second; 
  public pair(int first, 
              int second)  
  { 
    this.first = first; 
    this.second = second; 
  }    
} 
 
// Function to find minimum
// difference between any two node
static void MinimumDifference(int []total_weight,
                              int N)
{
  int min_difference = int.MaxValue;
 
  for(int i = 1; i < N; i++)
  {
    // Pairwise difference
    if (total_weight[i] - 
        total_weight[i - 1] < 
        min_difference) 
    {
      min_difference = total_weight[i] -
                       total_weight[i - 1];
    }
  }
 
  Console.Write(min_difference + "\n");
}
 
// Function to find total weight
// of each individual node
static void SumTree(List<pair> v,
                    int []individual_weight,
                    int N)
{    
  // Array to store total weight
  // of each node from 1 to N
  int []total_weight = new int[N];
 
  // Array to keep track of node
  // previously counted or not
  int []visited = new int[N];
 
  // To store node no. from
  /// N-1 lines
  int first, second;
 
  // To traverse from (N-1)
  // line to 1 line
  for(int i = (N - 2); i >= 0; i--)
  {
    first = v[i].first;
    second = v[i].second;
 
    // Node is note visited
    if (visited[second - 1] == 0)
    {
      total_weight[second - 1] += 
            individual_weight[second - 1];
 
      // Make node visited
      visited[second - 1] = 1;
    }
 
    total_weight[first - 1] += 
          total_weight[second - 1];
 
    // Node is note visited
    if (visited[first - 1] == 0)
    {
      total_weight[first - 1] += 
            individual_weight[first - 1];
 
      // Make node visited
      visited[first - 1] = 1;
    }
  }
 
  // Sort the total weight 
  // of each node
  Array.Sort(total_weight);
 
  // Call function to find minimum
  // difference
  MinimumDifference(total_weight, N);
}
 
// Driver code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{    
  // Total node of rooted tree
  int N = 8;
 
  List<pair> v = new List<pair>();
 
  // N-1 lines describing
  // rooted tree from top
  // to bottom
  v.Add(new pair(1, 4));
  v.Add(new pair(1, 6));
  v.Add(new pair(6, 2));
  v.Add(new pair(6, 3));
  v.Add(new pair(2, 5));
  v.Add(new pair(2, 7));
  v.Add(new pair(2, 8));
 
  // Array describing weight
  // of each node from 1 to N
  int []individual_weight = {3, 5, 8, 10,
                             2, 6, 7, 11};
 
  SumTree(v, individual_weight, N);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by shikhasingrajput

Output:

Time Complexity: O(N * Log(N)), where N is total nodes in the rooted tree.

My Personal Notes

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