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• The Triangle Inequality and the Square Root of a Complex Number (from Unit 2: Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations)
• Assessment of factors that influence Standardised changes, From Unit 3: Matrices and Determinants, anyone learn how to solve simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables using determinants and how to test for consistency.
• Unit 5: Mathematical Inductions: The fundamentals and straightforward applications of mathematical induction.
• Unit 6’s Binomial Theorems and Their Simple Applications—Properties of Binomial Coefficients
• Add all n terms from the special series Sn, Sn2, and Sn3 together. Mathematical and geometric advancement. “Sequences and Series” (Unit 7)
• Values of Rolle’s and Lagrange’s Mean Problems with limits, continuity, and differentiability, as well as the normal, tangent, and theorems from Unit 8
• A Limit of Sum as an Integral (from Integral Calculus, Unit 9)
• The differential equation formulation process (as covered in Unit 10: Differential Equations)
• Axes Translation (from Coordinate Geometry, Unit 11)
• Coordinates of a triangle’s centroid, orthocenter, and circumcenter, as well as the equation of the family of lines passing through the point of intersection of two lines (from Unit 11: Coordinate Geometry)
• Subject Update: A line’s intercepts on the coordinate plane. (An expansion on the section on Coordinate Geometry in Unit 11 devoted to Straight Lines)
• In Unit 11: Coordinate Geometry, anyone learn about the circle, conic sections, the tangent equation, the conditions for Y = mx + c to be a tangent, and the point(s) of tangency.
• Coplanar lines, various plane equations, line intersections, and three-dimensional geometry (Unit 12)
• From Unit 13: Vector Algebra, anyone learn about the scalar and vector triple products.
• Unit 14’s coverage of binomial distributions and Bernoulli trials
• (Distance, heights, and trigonometry, Unit 15)
• Mathematical Reasoning (Unit 16): Basic knowledge of logic operations such as and, or, implies, tautology, contradiction, converse, and contrapositive, as well as if and only if statements.
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• Unit 1’s Physics and Measurements covers topics including physics, technology, society, and the reliability and precision of measuring tools.
• As covered in Unit 6: Gravitation, geostationary satellites
• The cooling law of Newton and the Reynolds number (as presented in Unit7, “Properties of Solids and Liquids”)
• Efficiency of the Carnot engine (as shown in Unit 8 of Thermodynamics)
• Fluctuations, both free and induced and dampened, resonance, and beats. Doppler effect in audio (as covered in Unit 10: Waves and Oscillations)
• Resistances of various materials, resistor colour coding, Unit 12: Current Electricity explains the principle of a potentiometer and its many uses.
• A cyclotron.Conductivity and magnetic permeability. Hysteresis may occur. As covered in Unit 13: The Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism, electromagnets and permanent magnets
• Critical component (drawn from Unit 14: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents)
• Formula for the Lens. The resolution of optical instruments like telescopes and microscopes (as covered in Unit 16: Optics)
• An experiment conducted by Davisson and Germer (as part of Unit 17: The Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation)
• The mathematical concept of isotopes, isobars, and isotones. Unit 18’s Atoms and Nuclei covers radioactivity, including the characteristics of alpha, beta, and gamma particles and rays and the law of radioactive decay.
• Learn about the features of a transistor, how it works, and the usual emitter configuration of a junction transistor, as well as its use as an oscillator and amplifier. This is a transistor acting as a switch. (as stated in the unit on electronic devices)
• UNIT 20: ARTICLES OF COMMUNICATION – How electromagnetic waves travel through the air and across space and the sky. Motifs are required. Power and Resonance Information on modulation and signal bandwidth. Fundamental components of a communication system, including the transmission medium’s bandwidth (only shown in the block diagram).
• Finding the current gain and voltage gain using a transistor’s characteristic curves, drawing a cooling curve to show the link between a hot body’s temperature and time, I. Determine the location of a transistor’s base using a multimeter. ii. Tell the difference between NPN and PNP-type transistors. iii. View the current flowing in only one direction in the case of a diode or an LED. (iv) Verify the functionality of a specific integrated circuit (I.C.), transistor, or diode (as covered in Unit 21: Experimental Skills)
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• Statistically significant physical quantities and their corresponding measurements in the field of chemistry. Unit 1 of Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry covers S.I. Units and dimensional analysis.
• UNIT 2: STATES OF MATTERS — The division of substances into solid, liquid, and gaseous forms. Composition of Gases: Quantifiable Gas Characteristics: Both Boyle’s and Charle’s laws pertain to petrol. Graham states the direction of dispersal. Dalton’s rule of partial pressure, Avogadro’s law, An ideal gas equation, the concept of an absolute temperature scale, and the kinetic theory of gases (limited to postulates) Understanding typical, RMS, and most likely velocities. Topics covered include the van der Waals equation, compressibility factor, real gases, and departure from ideal behaviour. Phase Change: Characteristics of a liquid, including its surface tension, vapour pressure, and viscosity, as well as the influence of temperature on these variables (only applicable to qualitative analyses). Classification of solids according to their solid state: amorphous and crystalline solids; molecular, ionic, covalent, and metallic solids; The uses of Bragg’s Law: Unit cell and lattices, solid packing (fcc, bcc, and hcp lattices), voids, calculations requiring unit cell characteristics, and a solid defect; Magnetism and electricity.
• Atomic models proposed by Thomson and Rutherford, as well as their shortcomings (from Unit 3-Atomic Structure)
• UNIT 10: Adsorption in surface chemistry, including physisorption, chemisorption, and the properties of each, as well as the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, as well as adsorption from solutions, and issues influencing gas adsorption on solids. The catalysis process includes homogeneous and heterogeneous, solid catalyst activity and selectivity, enzyme catalysis, and how it works. Classification of colloids as lyophilic, lyophobic, multi-molecular, macromolecular, or related (micelles) and their production and attributes (the Tyndall effect) are all aspects of the colloidal state that are distinct from that of real solutions or suspensions—Electrophoresis, dialysis, coagulation, flocculation, Brownian motion, emulsions, and their properties.
• Unit 12: Metal extraction processes and general principles include how elements occur in nature, minerals, and ores; the steps of concentration, reduction (using chemical and electrolytic methods), and refining, with a focus on the extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc, and iron; and the principles of thermodynamics and electrochemistry as they pertain to metal extraction.
• UNIT 13: Topics covered include: HYDROGEN (atomic number, isotopes, preparation, characteristics, and applications); Specific chemical and physical aspects of water and heavy water; Hydrogen peroxide: its composition, manufacturing process, reactions, and applications; Interstitial, ionic, and covalent hydride classification; Hydrogen powered vehicles.
• UNIT 14: General introduction, electronic configuration, and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements; anomalous properties of the first element of each group; diagonal relationships; S-block elements (alkali and alkaline earth metals) – Groups 1 and 2. Sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and sodium hydrogen carbonate: their preparation and characteristics; Limestone and lime have several industrial uses: Na, K, Mg, and Ca’s biological relevance in plaster of Paris and cement.
• Analysis of the p-block components in a group setting Bromides, alums, diborane, borax, aluminium chloride, boron trifluoride, and their preparation, characteristics, and applications are all part of Group -13. Group 14: Catenation propensity; Carbon allotropes and oxides, silicon tetrachloride, silicates, zeolites, and silicones; structure, characteristics, and applications. Nitrogen and phosphorus halides (PCl3. PCl5), ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine and their preparation, characteristics, and applications are all part of Group -15. So are the structures of the oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen and phosphorus. In Group 16, it have ozone and allotropic sulphur forms; in Group 17, it have sulphuric acid and its manufacture, characteristics, structures, and uses (including industrial preparation); and in Group 18, it have structures of sulphur oxoacids. Changes in the hydrogen halides’ acidity over time; Halogen oxide and oxoacid structures; and compounds containing interhalogens or halogen acids. Group 18: Noble gases, their properties and applications; fluoride and xenon oxide structures. the p-block elements covered in Unit 15
• Unit 18: Pollution of the air, water, and soil is a topic in environmental chemistry. Pollution in the Atmospheric-Stratospheric Layers Gaseous pollutants in the troposphere include hydrocarbons, carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur oxides; their causes, detrimental impacts, and mitigation strategies; Acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and climate change. The origins, damaging results, and mitigation strategies for particulate pollutants include smoke, dust, smog, fumes, and mist. Pollutants in the stratosphere – the process and consequences of ozone formation and breakdown, ozone layer depletion. Pathogens, organic waste, and chemical pollutants are major sources of water pollution. This section discusses the dangers of these pollutants and how to protect water sources from them. Pesticides, their detrimental effects, and methods for preventing them are major contaminants in soil. This includes insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides—strategies to control environmental contamination.
• UNIT 25: POLYMERS—An overview of the types and classifications of polymers, as well as general procedures for polymerisation, including polymerisation, addition, and condensation. Polythene, nylon, polyester, and bakelite are a few key polymers, along with natural and synthetic rubber, vulcanisation, and an examination of the monomers and applications of these polymers.
• Unit 27: Analgesics, tranquillisers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, anti-fertility medications, antibiotics, and antacids are all examples of chemicals found in everyday life. Anti-histamines -their definition and common standards. Chemicals used in food, such as artificial sweeteners and preservatives, are common examples. Cleaning Agents: Detergents and soaps have a cleaning effect.
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