IMO Full Form

IMO stands for International Maritime Organization. It is an agency started in the US for making rules and regulations for shipping, ensuring the security of shipping and the prevention of marine and atmospheric pollution caused by ships. IMO came into existence first in 1959. It currently has 175 states as members and 3 associate members. Its headquarters are in London, United Kingdom. Its main purpose is to develop regulations and framework for shipping in order to maintain good efficiency in shipping, safety and security of maritime and fix environmental concerns. It is controlled by an assembly of members who meet after period of every 2 years. 40 Members are selected from this assembly for the administration of this organization.

• Framework of International Shipping-  The IMO develops and maintains a comprehensive regulatory framework for international shipping, which covers a wide range of areas including safety, security, environmental protection, and efficiency
• Global Scope– It is truly a global organization in which 175 states are participating virtually. It connects all the world’s shipping nations
• Expertise in various fields– IMO is formed by a team of experts in a wide range of fields including naval architecture, marine engineering, environmental science, and law, among others. 
• Continuous Improvement– IMO undergoes continuous improvement in its regulatory framework understanding all the circumstances in its rules and regulations are changed from time to time.
• Assistance towards all nations– The IMO provides technical assistance to small islands and developing nations so that they could enhance their capabilities of international shipping.

History of International Maritime Organization

• 1851: It was the first time when the International maritime conference was held in Brussels, Belgium, in order to discuss standards required for maritime safety and navigation.
• 1899 and 1907: The Hague Conventions are held, establishing rules and guidelines for maritime warfare and neutral shipping. The 1899 Convention resulted in four major treaties, while the 1907 Convention resulted in thirteen treaties.
• 1913:  International conference on the safety of life at sea is first held in London, England, which lead to the establishment of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) in 1914.
• 1929: The International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bills of Lading is adopted in Brussels, Belgium, establishing standard legal provisions for bills of lading, a key shipping document.
• 1936: The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) is revised and updated, establishing new safety standards for ships and improving the safety of passengers and crew.
• 1948: The IMO is established as a specialized agency of the United Nations to promote safety  and security in international shipping, keep track of and reduce aquatic pollution
• 1959: The International Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) is adopted, establishing a comprehensive framework for maritime safety.
• 1973: The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) is adopted, MARPOL provides a framework for the prevention of aquatic pollution by reducing the discharge of waste like oils, chemicals garbage etc. into the marine environment
• 1982: The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is adopted,  It provides a framework for peaceful and cooperative use of the seas, while also promoting conservation and sustainable development. It defines the rights and responsibilities of countries in the use of ocean water, territorial waters, exclusive economic zones and the high seas.
• 2002: The International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code) is adopted, ISPS code requires ships and ports to go through a number of security measures including the appointment of a security officer, and undergo regular security exercises and drills. It also leads to the establishment of communication protocols between ship and port facilities.
• 2013: The Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) became effective, establishing minimum standards for working conditions and employment rights for seafarers. It also helps in the prevention of discrimination, and the protection of seafarers from abusive and exploitative working conditions
• 2018: The IMO adopts an initial strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping, aiming to reduce emissions by at least 50% by 2050 compared to 2008 levels.

Structure  and Working of IMO (International Maritime Organization)

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is structured in a hierarchical manner, with various organs and bodies responsible for different functions. The main components of the IMO’s structure include:

• Assembly: It is the highest governing body of the IMO members of this body meets every two years. It is composed of all the member states and is responsible for setting the strategic direction of the organization, as well as electing the Secretary-General. It also approves the organization’s budget and determines the contribution of each member state. 
• Council: The Council is responsible for implementing the decisions of the Assembly. It is composed of 40 member states elected from the Assembly, work of various committees and sub-committees of IMO is supervised by members of this council. It coordinates the working of the various committees and sub-committees of the organization and makes recommendations to the Assembly on their policies and budget.
• Committees and sub-committees: The IMO has a number of committees and sub-committees that are responsible for developing and reviewing the organization’s technical regulations and guidelines. Its committees include Maritime Safety Committee,  Marine Environment Protection Committee, Legal Committee, and Technical Cooperation Committee, among others.
• Secretariat: It is headed by the Secretary-General, who is appointed for four years by the assembly.  The Secretariat provides administrative and technical support to the various organs and bodies of the IMO and is responsible for implementing the decisions of the Council and the Assembly.

Advantages of IMO (International Maritime Organization)

The international maritime organization have various advantages some of them are:-

• Making rules and regulations for shipping ensures the safety and security and environmental performance of ships. By which ships and ports could run with minimal impact on the environment
• It provides technical assistance help and supports to developing countries to improve capabilities of maritime and comply with international regulations.
• IMO promotes research and development in areas such as maritime technology, safety, and environmental protection.
• IMO promotes cooperation and coordination among governments, shipping industry stakeholders, and other organizations involved in international shipping.
• It helps in conserving and sustainable use of oceans, sea and marine resources to help in the sustainable development of the planet
• It provides awareness towards the importance of marine resources, in the lifecycle of human beings
• It provides right for the seafarers’ workers and prevents exploitation, discrimination against them and provide them protection against abuse and promote decent working conditions for seafarers.

How IMO impacts India

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) impacts India in several ways, as India is an important maritime nation with a large coastline and a significant shipping industry. Here are some of the following ways in which the IMO impacts India-

• India is a member state of the IMO and is required to comply with its regulations on various maritime issues such as safety, security, and pollution prevention. Compliance with these regulations can improve the safety and environmental standards of the Indian maritime industry.
• The IMO’s regulations on maritime safety and security can enhance the confidence of international shipping companies in the safety of Indian ports and waters, which can lead to increased maritime trade and economic growth.
•  The IMO provides technical assistance and training to member states, including India, to improve their capacity to implement and enforce its regulations. This can help India to develop its maritime infrastructure and improve the skills of its maritime workforce.

In conclusion we can say that the IMO plays an important role in shaping the maritime industry in India and can help to improve its safety, security, and environmental standards. As part of the United Nations family, IMO is actively working towards the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.