How does Keras calculate accuracy?

Answer: Keras calculates accuracy by comparing the predicted labels with the true labels, counting the proportion of correct predictions to total predictions.

In Keras, accuracy is calculated through a process that quantitatively measures how well the model’s predictions match the actual labels. This metric is especially common in classification tasks, where the goal is to predict a label or class from a set of predefined options. The calculation of accuracy involves several steps:

1. Model Predictions: The model generates predictions for the test dataset. For classification tasks, these predictions are often in the form of probabilities for each class.
2. Threshold Application: In binary classification, a threshold (typically 0.5 for sigmoid output layers) is applied to convert probabilities into binary class labels. In multi-class classification, the class with the highest probability is selected as the prediction.
3. Comparison: The predicted class labels are then compared to the true labels. Each instance where the predicted label matches the true label is counted as a correct prediction.

This process is summarized in the table below:

Step	Description
Model Predictions	Generate predictions for each instance in the test set.
Threshold Application	Convert probabilities to class labels (if necessary).
Comparison	Compare predicted labels against true labels.
Accuracy Calculation	Calculate the proportion of correct predictions over total predictions.

Conclusion:

Accuracy serves as a straightforward and intuitive metric for evaluating the performance of a classification model in Keras, indicating the proportion of correct predictions made by the model. While it is a useful initial indicator of model performance, relying solely on accuracy can be misleading, especially in cases of imbalanced datasets. Therefore, it’s often recommended to consider other metrics such as precision, recall, and F1 score for a more comprehensive evaluation of model performance.