Difference between Budding and Grafting – An Overview

Budding and Grafting are methods in horticulture where portions of different plants are combined to create the appearance of a single unified plant. In grafting, the upper section, known as the scion, of one plant is fused onto the root system of another. Meanwhile, budding involves transplanting a bud from one plant onto another to foster growth.

Budding and Grafting are different yet equally important techniques used in the vegetative propagation of new plants. These methods play a significant role in plant breeding by facilitating the production of genetically identical or improved plants. In this article, we will cover the techniques of budding, grafting, and the difference between budding and grafting in detail.

What is Budding?

Budding vegetative propagation is a technique where small buds are taken from one plant and made them grow on another plant. Different techniques are used in budding, including the T and I method, patch budding, ring budding, forkert budding. Plants that are commonly produced using budding vegetative propagation techniques are cherries, peaches, apples, plums, citrus fruits, and nut trees.

Types of Budding

There are several types of budding used in horticulture:

1. T-Budding/ Shield Budding: T-budding should ideally be performed when the bark is in slipping state. This means that the bark easily lifts or peels in one uniform layer from the underlying wood without tearing when cut. The specific timing of this condition depends on factors like soil moisture, temperature and the time of the year.
2. Chip Budding: Chip budding is a method suitable for use whenever the mature buds are accessible. Unlike T-budding chip budding doesn’t rely on the bark slipping, so its budding season is typically longer.
3. Patch Budding: Patch budding is considered one of the easiest budding methods to execute due to the straightforward process of removing or preparing rectangular patches of bark.
4. Forkert Budding: Forkert budding is similar to T-budding but involves cutting a shield shape piece of bark from the rootstock and inserting the bud from the scion into the cut. This method is commonly used for grapevine.
5. Flute Budding: Flute budding method is similar to patch budding, involves removing a patch of bark from the rootstock’s stem almost completely encircles it.
6. Ring/ Annular Budding: This budding method closely resembles the Flute budding technique. It involves removing a complete ring of bark from the rootstock, leaving no strip of bark that connects the upper and lower part of the rootstock.

What is Grafting?

Grafting is a technique where we cut and connect parts of two different plants and then plant them in the soil. Eventually, the grafted parts blend together with the rooted plant, growing as one plant. In this horticultural technique, various plant parts are utilised to create new plants.

The grafting methods involves several techniques such as bark grafting, splice grafting, side veneer grafting and saddle grafting. Grafting examples of plants that are commonly produced using grafting techniques are cucumber, tomato, watermelons, white spruce and eggplants.

Types of Grafting

There are several types of grafting used in horticulture:

1. Whip Grafting: This method is often referred to as Whip and tongue grafting which involves making diagonal cuts on both the scion and the rootstock. Subsequently, these cuts are aligned and joined together by securing them with grafting tape or rubber bands.
2. Cleft Grafting: Cleft grafting involves making a vertical slit in the rootstock, followed by inserting the scion, which is cut to a wedge shape, into the cleft.
3. Side Grafting: Side grafting also known as side veneer grafting, consist of making a vertical incision into the side of the rootstock and inserting the scion into the incision, facilitating alignment of the cambium layer.
4. Bridge Grafting: Bridged grafting method is used to repair damaged trees. This involves grafting scion wood onto the rootstock both above and below the damaged area, forming a bridge that facilitates the restoration of nutrient flow.
5. Bark Grafting: Bark grafting includes creating a slit in the bark of the rootstock and inserting the scion into the slit.
6. Inlay Grafting: In Inlay grafting, a rectangular notch is cut into the rootstock and a matching wedge shaped cut is made on scion. Then the scion is inserted into the notch on the rootstock creating a secure union.
7. Topworking: It involves grafting fresh scion wood onto the upper part of an existing tree to alter its variety or incorporate desired traits.

Difference Between Budding and Grafting

The following table lists the difference between budding and grafting in plants:

Aspects	Budding	Grafting
Definition	It is a technique where a small bud from one plant is inserted into another plant.	It is a method where we cut and connect parts of two different plants and then plant them in the soil.
Timing	Typically done during the growing season	This can be done during the dormant season
Number of plants produced	Budding results in one plant per bud inserted into the rootstock.	Grafting can result in multiple plants per graft
Attachment method	The bud is carefully inserted into an incision or T-shaped cut in the bark of the rootstock plant	In grafting, the scion and the rootstock are joined together
Scion size	Budding involves a small portion of the scion	Grafting can involve larger portion of the scion such as branches, stem or shoots
Healing time	Budding generally heals faster than grafting	Grafting may take longer
Compatibility	Budding can be used for plants with less closely related rootstock, as only a single bud needs to integrate with the rootstocks vascular system.	Grafting often requires more closely related species or varieties for successful fusion and long term compatibility between scion and the rootstock.
Ease of Execution	Budding is relatively easier for beginners due to its simpler techniques	Grafting requires more skill and practice
Uses	Budding is commonly used for roses, fruit trees and ornamental flowers.	Grafting are widely used for woody ornamentals, improving plant health and fruit trees

Conclusion – Difference Between Budding and Grafting

In conclusion, budding involves placing a bud of one plant onto another plant, while grafting involves placing a part of the stem onto another plant. Both methods are of artificial vegetative propagation in plants. The primary distinction between budding and grafting lies in the type of scion used in each technique.

FAQs on Budding and Grafting

What is Budding in Vegetative Propagation?

Budding is a technique where a single bud often taken from a desired plant (scion) is inserted into the cut or the opening in the bark of the another plant (rootstock). Plants commonly produced from budding technique includes roses, citrus plant, cherries, etc.

What is Grafting?

Grafting is a technique where tissue from one plant (scion) is attached to the tissue of another plant (rootstock). Plants are widely produced from grafting technique such as tomato, watermelons, cucumbers and eggplants.

How do Budding and Grafting Differ?

Budding and grafting differs in various aspects such as the definition, timing, number of plant produced, attachment method, scion size, healing time, compatibility, ease of execution and uses.

What is the Difference Between Budding Knife and Grafting Knife?

The grafting knife is straight while the budding knife is curved and has a blunt end. The budding knife is used to open the bark and put in the bud.

Why is Budding and Grafting Important?

Budding and Grafting are common methods used to grow new apple varieties. These techniques allow the breeders to produce many plants with identical genetic material known as clones.

What are Some Examples of Natural Budding in Plants?

Examples of natural budding in plants include roses, where buds develop along the stem, and fruit trees like apples, where buds form on branches for new growth.