Given two binary strings str1 and str2 having same length, the task is to find if it is possible to make the two binary strings str1 and str2 equal by swapping all 1s occurring at indices less than that of 0s index in the binary string str1.
Examples:
Input: str1 = “0110”, str2 = “0011”
Output: Possible
Explanation:
Swapping str1[2] with str1[3] the binary string str1 becomes “0101”.
Swapping str1[1] with str1[2] the binary string str1 becomes “0011” .
The binary string str1 becomes equal to the binary string str2 therefore, the required output is Possible.
Input: str1 = “101”, str2 = “010”
Output: Not Possible
Approach: The idea is to count the number of 1s and 0s in str1 and str2 and then proceed accordingly. Follow the steps below to solve the problem:
- If the count of 1s and 0s are not equal in str1 and str2, then conversion is not possible.
- Traverse the string.
- Starting from the first character, compare each character one by one. For each different character at i, perform the following steps:
- Check if the current character of the string str1 is ‘0’ and curStr1Ones (stores the current count of 1’s of the string str1) is greater than 0. If found to be true, then swap the character with ‘1’ and decrement the value of curStr1Ones by 1.
- Check if the character of the string str1 is ‘0’ and curStr1Ones is equal to 0. If found to be true, then increment the value of the flag by 1 and break the loop.
- Check if the character of the string str1 is ‘1’ and the character of the string str2 is ‘0’. If found to be true, then swap the character of str1 with ‘0’ and increment the value of curStr1Ones by 1.
- Finally, print “Possible” if the flag is 0, otherwise print “Not Possible”.
Below is the implementation of the above approach:
C++
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
void isBinaryStringsEqual(string str1, string str2)
{
int str1Zeros = 0, str1Ones = 0;
int str2Zeros = 0, str2Ones = 0;
int flag = 0;
int curStr1Ones = 0;
for ( int i = 0; i < str1.length(); i++) {
if (str1[i] == '1' ) {
str1Ones++;
}
else if (str1[i] == '0' ) {
str1Zeros++;
}
if (str2[i] == '1' ) {
str2Ones++;
}
else if (str2[i] == '0' ) {
str2Zeros++;
}
}
if (str1Zeros != str2Zeros && str1Ones != str2Ones) {
cout << "Not Possible" ;
}
else {
for ( int i = 0; i < str1.length(); i++) {
if (str1[i] != str2[i]) {
if (str1[i] == '0' && curStr1Ones > 0) {
str1[i] = '1' ;
curStr1Ones--;
}
if (str1[i] == '0' && curStr1Ones == 0) {
flag++;
break ;
}
if (str1[i] == '1' && str2[i] == '0' ) {
str1[i] = '0' ;
curStr1Ones++;
}
}
}
if (flag == 0) {
cout << "Possible" ;
}
else {
cout << "Not Possible" ;
}
}
}
int main()
{
string str1 = "0110" ;
string str2 = "0011" ;
isBinaryStringsEqual(str1, str2);
return 0;
}
|
Java
import java.io.*;
class GFG {
static void isBinaryStringsEqual(String str1,
String str2)
{
int str1Zeros = 0 , str1Ones = 0 ;
int str2Zeros = 0 , str2Ones = 0 ;
int flag = 0 ;
int curStr1Ones = 0 ;
for ( int i = 0 ; i < str1.length(); i++)
{
if (str1.charAt(i) == '1' )
{
str1Ones++;
}
else if (str1.charAt(i) == '0' )
{
str1Zeros++;
}
if (str2.charAt(i) == '1' )
{
str2Ones++;
}
else if (str2.charAt(i) == '0' )
{
str2Zeros++;
}
}
if (str1Zeros != str2Zeros
&& str1Ones != str2Ones)
{
System.out.println( "Not Possible" );
}
else {
for ( int i = 0 ; i < str1.length(); i++)
{
if (str1.charAt(i) != str2.charAt(i))
{
if (str1.charAt(i) == '0'
&& curStr1Ones > 0 )
{
str1 = str1.substring( 0 , i) + '1'
+ str1.substring(i + 1 );
curStr1Ones--;
}
if (str1.charAt(i) == '0'
&& curStr1Ones == 0 )
{
flag++;
break ;
}
if (str1.charAt(i) == '1'
&& str2.charAt(i) == '0' )
{
str1 = str1.substring( 0 , i) + '0'
+ str1.substring(i+ 1 );
curStr1Ones++;
}
}
}
if (flag == 0 ) {
System.out.println( "Possible" );
}
else {
System.out.println( "Not Possible" );
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String str1 = "0110" ;
String str2 = "0011" ;
isBinaryStringsEqual(str1, str2);
}
}
|
Python3
def isBinaryStringsEqual(list1, list2) :
str1 = list (list1)
str2 = list (list2)
str1Zeros = 0
str1Ones = 0
str2Zeros = 0
str2Ones = 0
flag = 0
curStr1Ones = 0
for i in range ( len (str1)):
if (str1[i] = = '1' ) :
str1Ones + = 1
elif (str1[i] = = '0' ) :
str1Zeros + = 1
if (str2[i] = = '1' ) :
str2Ones + = 1
elif (str2[i] = = '0' ) :
str2Zeros + = 1
if (str1Zeros ! = str2Zeros and str1Ones ! = str2Ones) :
print ( "Not Possible" )
else :
for i in range ( len (str1)):
if (str1[i] ! = str2[i]) :
if (str1[i] = = '0' and curStr1Ones > 0 ) :
str1[i] = '1'
curStr1Ones - = 1
if (str1[i] = = '0' and curStr1Ones = = 0 ) :
flag + = 1
break
if (str1[i] = = '1' and str2[i] = = '0' ) :
str1[i] = '0'
curStr1Ones + = 1
if (flag = = 0 ) :
print ( "Possible" )
else :
print ( "Not Possible" )
str1 = "0110"
str2 = "0011"
isBinaryStringsEqual(str1, str2)
|
C#
using System;
using System.Text;
class GFG
{
static void isBinaryStringsEqual( string str1,
string str2)
{
int str1Zeros = 0, str1Ones = 0;
int str2Zeros = 0, str2Ones = 0;
int flag = 0;
int curStr1Ones = 0;
for ( int i = 0; i < str1.Length; i++)
{
if (str1[i] == '1' )
{
str1Ones++;
}
else if (str1[i] == '0' )
{
str1Zeros++;
}
if (str2[i] == '1' )
{
str2Ones++;
}
else if (str2[i] == '0' )
{
str2Zeros++;
}
}
if (str1Zeros != str2Zeros
&& str1Ones != str2Ones)
{
Console.WriteLine( "Not Possible" );
}
else
{
for ( int i = 0; i < str1.Length; i++)
{
if (str1[i] != str2[i])
{
if (str1[i] == '0' && curStr1Ones > 0)
{
StringBuilder sb
= new StringBuilder(str1);
sb[i] = '1' ;
str1 = sb.ToString();
curStr1Ones--;
}
if (str1[i] == '0'
&& curStr1Ones == 0)
{
flag++;
break ;
}
if (str1[i] == '1' && str2[i] == '0' )
{
StringBuilder sb
= new StringBuilder(str1);
sb[i] = '0' ;
str1 = sb.ToString();
curStr1Ones++;
}
}
}
if (flag == 0)
{
Console.WriteLine( "Possible" );
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine( "Not Possible" );
}
}
}
static public void Main()
{
string str1 = "0110" ;
string str2 = "0011" ;
isBinaryStringsEqual(str1, str2);
}
}
|
Javascript
<script>
function isBinaryStringsEqual(list1, list2) {
var str1 = list1.split( "" );
var str2 = list2.split( "" );
var str1Zeros = 0,
str1Ones = 0;
var str2Zeros = 0,
str2Ones = 0;
var flag = 0;
var curStr1Ones = 0;
for ( var i = 0; i < str1.length; i++) {
if (str1[i] === "1" ) {
str1Ones++;
} else if (str1[i] === "0" ) {
str1Zeros++;
}
if (str2[i] === "1" ) {
str2Ones++;
} else if (str2[i] === "0" ) {
str2Zeros++;
}
}
if (str1Zeros !== str2Zeros && str1Ones !== str2Ones) {
document.write( "Not Possible" );
} else {
for ( var i = 0; i < str1.length; i++) {
if (str1[i] !== str2[i]) {
if (str1[i] === "0" && curStr1Ones > 0) {
str1[i] = "1" ;
curStr1Ones--;
}
if (str1[i] === "0" && curStr1Ones === 0) {
flag++;
break ;
}
if (str1[i] === "1" && str2[i] === "0" ) {
str1[i] = "0" ;
curStr1Ones++;
}
}
}
if (flag === 0) {
document.write( "Possible" );
}
else {
document.write( "Not Possible" );
}
}
}
var str1 = "0110" ;
var str2 = "0011" ;
isBinaryStringsEqual(str1, str2);
</script>
|
Time Complexity: O(|str1|), where |str1| is the length of the input string. This is because the program loops through the strings once to count the number of ones and zeros, and then loops through the strings again to perform the swaps. The inner loop has a constant time complexity, so the overall time complexity is linear.
Auxiliary Space: O(1), The space complexity of the program is O(1), as it only uses a constant amount of extra space to store the counts and the flag variable. The input strings are not modified and do not take extra space as they are passed by value.
Another Approach:
- Define a function named “areBinaryStringsEqual” that takes two string arguments: str1 and str2.
- Initialize two integer variables ones1 and ones2 to count the number of 1s in both strings.
- Traverse both strings using a for loop and count the number of 1s in each string.
- If the number of 1s is not the same in both strings, return false.
- Initialize a variable count to keep track of the number of 0s that need to be swapped in string 1.
- Traverse both strings using a for loop and check if they can be made equal by swapping 1s and 0s.
- If the characters at the same position in both strings are not equal, check the following:
a. If the character in string 1 is 1 and in string 2 is 0, increment the count.
b. If the character in string 1 is 0 and count is greater than 0, decrement the count.
c. If the characters cannot be made equal by swapping, return false. - If the loop completes without returning false, the strings can be made equal by swapping 1s and 0s. Return true.
- In the main function, input two binary strings str1 and str2.
- Check if the strings can be made equal by calling the “areBinaryStringsEqual” function.
- If the function returns true, print “Possible”. Otherwise, print “Not Possible”.
- Return 0 to end the program.
Below is the implementation of the above approach:
C++
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
bool areBinaryStringsEqual(string str1, string str2) {
int ones1 = 0, ones2 = 0;
for ( int i = 0; i < str1.length(); i++) {
if (str1[i] == '1' ) ones1++;
if (str2[i] == '1' ) ones2++;
}
if (ones1 != ones2) return false ;
int count = 0;
for ( int i = 0; i < str1.length(); i++) {
if (str1[i] != str2[i]) {
if (str1[i] == '1' && str2[i] == '0' ) count++;
else if (str1[i] == '0' && count > 0) count--;
else return false ;
}
}
return true ;
}
int main() {
string str1 = "0110" ;
string str2 = "0011" ;
if (areBinaryStringsEqual(str1, str2)) {
cout << "Possible" ;
} else {
cout << "Not Possible" ;
}
return 0;
}
|
Java
public class Main {
public static boolean areBinaryStringsEqual(String str1, String str2) {
int ones1 = 0 , ones2 = 0 ;
for ( int i = 0 ; i < str1.length(); i++) {
if (str1.charAt(i) == '1' ) ones1++;
if (str2.charAt(i) == '1' ) ones2++;
}
if (ones1 != ones2) return false ;
int count = 0 ;
for ( int i = 0 ; i < str1.length(); i++) {
if (str1.charAt(i) != str2.charAt(i)) {
if (str1.charAt(i) == '1' && str2.charAt(i) == '0' ) count++;
else if (str1.charAt(i) == '0' && count > 0 ) count--;
else return false ;
}
}
return true ;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str1 = "0110" ;
String str2 = "0011" ;
if (areBinaryStringsEqual(str1, str2)) {
System.out.println( "Possible" );
} else {
System.out.println( "Not Possible" );
}
}
}
|
Time complexity: The code traverses each character of the input strings twice, so the time complexity is O(n), where n is the length of the strings.
Auxiliary Space: The code uses a constant amount of extra space, so the space complexity is O(1).