Program to construct DFA accepting odd number of 0s and odd number of 1s

Given a binary string S, the task is to write a program for DFA Machine that accepts a string with odd numbers of 0s and 1s.

Examples:

Input: S = “010011”
Output: Accepted
Explanation:
The given string S contains odd number of zeros and ones.
Input: S = “00000”
Output: Not Accepted
Explanation:
The given string S doesn’t contains odd number of zeros and ones.

Approach: Below is the designed DFA Machine for the given problem. Construct a transition table for DFA states and analyze the transitions between each state. Below are the steps:

There are 4 states q₀, q₁, q₂, q₃ where q₀ is the initial state and q₃ is the final state.
The transition table of the above DFA is as follows:

Current state	Final state
Current state	0	1
q₀	q₁	q₂
q₁	q₀	q₃
q₂	q₃	q₀
q₃	q₂	q₁

Through this table, understand the transitions in the DFA.
If the final state(q₃) is reached after reading the whole string, then the string is accepted otherwise not-accepted.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program for the above approach
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to check whether the given
// string is accepted by DFA or not
void checkValidDFA(string s)
{
    // Stores initial state of DFA
    int initial_state = 0;
 
    // Stores final state of DFA
    int final_state;
 
    // Stores previous state of DFA
    int previous_state = 0;
 
    // Iterate through the string
    for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
 
        // Checking for all combinations
        if ((s[i] == '0'
             && previous_state == 0)
            || (s[i] == '1'
                && previous_state == 3)) {
            final_state = 1;
        }
        else if ((s[i] == '0'
                  && previous_state == 3)
                 || (s[i] == '1'
                     && previous_state == 0)) {
            final_state = 2;
        }
        else if ((s[i] == '0'
                  && previous_state == 1)
                 || (s[i] == '1'
                     && previous_state == 2)) {
            final_state = 0;
        }
        else if ((s[i] == '0'
                  && previous_state == 2)
                 || (s[i] == '1'
                     && previous_state == 1)) {
            final_state = 3;
        }
 
        // Update the previous_state
        previous_state = final_state;
    }
 
    // If final state is reached
    if (final_state == 3) {
        cout << "Accepted" << endl;
    }
 
    // Otherwise
    else {
        cout << "Not Accepted" << endl;
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // Given string
    string s = "010011";
 
    // Function Call
    checkValidDFA(s);
 
    return 0;
}

Python3

# Python3 program for the above approach
 
# Function to check whether the given
# is accepted by DFA or not
def checkValidDFA(s):
     
    # Stores initial state of DFA
    initial_state = 0
 
    # Stores final state of DFA
    final_state = 0
 
    # Stores previous state of DFA
    previous_state = 0
 
    # Iterate through the string
    for i in range(len(s)):
         
        # Checking for all combinations
        if ((s[i] == '0' and previous_state == 0) or
            (s[i] == '1' and previous_state == 3)):
            final_state = 1
        elif ((s[i] == '0' and previous_state == 3) or
              (s[i] == '1' and previous_state == 0)):
            final_state = 2
        elif ((s[i] == '0' and previous_state == 1) or
              (s[i] == '1' and previous_state == 2)):
            final_state = 0
        elif ((s[i] == '0' and previous_state == 2) or
              (s[i] == '1' and previous_state == 1)):
            final_state = 3
 
        # Update the previous_state
        previous_state = final_state
 
    # If final state is reached
    if (final_state == 3):
        print("Accepted")
         
    # Otherwise
    else:
        print("Not Accepted")
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
     
    # Given string
    s = "010011"
 
    # Function Call
    checkValidDFA(s)
 
# This code is contributed by mohit kumar 29

Java

// Java program for the above approach
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG{
   
// Function to check whether the given
// string is accepted by DFA or not
static void checkValidDFA(String s)
{
     
    // Stores initial state of DFA
    int initial_state = 0;
 
    // Stores final state of DFA
    int final_state = 0;
 
    // Stores previous state of DFA
    int previous_state = 0;
 
    // Iterate through the string
    for(int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++)
    {
         
        // Checking for all combinations
        if ((s.charAt(i) == '0' && previous_state == 0) ||
            (s.charAt(i) == '1' && previous_state == 3))
        {
            final_state = 1;
        }
        else if ((s.charAt(i) == '0' && previous_state == 3) ||
                 (s.charAt(i) == '1' && previous_state == 0))
        {
            final_state = 2;
        }
        else if ((s.charAt(i) == '0' && previous_state == 1) ||
                 (s.charAt(i) == '1' && previous_state == 2))
        {
            final_state = 0;
        }
        else if ((s.charAt(i) == '0' && previous_state == 2) ||
                 (s.charAt(i) == '1' && previous_state == 1))
        {
            final_state = 3;
        }
 
        // Update the previous_state
        previous_state = final_state;
    }
 
    // If final state is reached
    if (final_state == 3)
    {
        System.out.println("Accepted");
    }
 
    // Otherwise
    else
    {
        System.out.println("Not Accepted");
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void main(String args[])
{
     
    // Given string
    String s = "010011";
 
    // Function Call
    checkValidDFA(s);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by bgangwar59

C#

// C# program for the above approach
using System;
  
class GFG{
     
// Function to check whether the given
// string is accepted by DFA or not
static void checkValidDFA(string s)
{
     
    // Stores initial state of DFA
    //int initial_state = 0;
  
    // Stores final state of DFA
    int final_state = 0;
  
    // Stores previous state of DFA
    int previous_state = 0;
  
    // Iterate through the string
    for(int i = 0; i < s.Length; i++)
    {
         
        // Checking for all combinations
        if ((s[i] == '0' && previous_state == 0) ||
            (s[i] == '1' && previous_state == 3))
        {
            final_state = 1;
        }
        else if ((s[i] == '0' && previous_state == 3) ||
                 (s[i] == '1' && previous_state == 0))
        {
            final_state = 2;
        }
        else if ((s[i] == '0' && previous_state == 1) ||
                 (s[i] == '1' && previous_state == 2))
        {
            final_state = 0;
        }
        else if ((s[i] == '0' && previous_state == 2) ||
                 (s[i] == '1' && previous_state == 1))
        {
            final_state = 3;
        }
  
        // Update the previous_state
        previous_state = final_state;
    }
  
    // If final state is reached
    if (final_state == 3)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Accepted");
    }
  
    // Otherwise
    else
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Not Accepted");
    }
}
  
// Driver Code
public static void Main()
{
     
    // Given string
    string s = "010011";
  
    // Function Call
    checkValidDFA(s);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by sanjoy_62

Javascript

<script>
 
      // JavaScript program for the above approach
      // Function to check whether the given
      // string is accepted by DFA or not
      function checkValidDFA(s) {
        // Stores initial state of DFA
        // int initial_state = 0;
 
        // Stores final state of DFA
        var final_state = 0;
 
        // Stores previous state of DFA
        var previous_state = 0;
 
        // Iterate through the string
        for (var i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
          // Checking for all combinations
          if (
            (s[i] === "0" && previous_state === 0) ||
            (s[i] === "1" && previous_state === 3)
          ) {
            final_state = 1;
          } else if (
            (s[i] === "0" && previous_state === 3) ||
            (s[i] === "1" && previous_state === 0)
          ) {
            final_state = 2;
          } else if (
            (s[i] === "0" && previous_state === 1) ||
            (s[i] === "1" && previous_state === 2)
          ) {
            final_state = 0;
          } else if (
            (s[i] === "0" && previous_state === 2) ||
            (s[i] === "1" && previous_state === 1)
          ) {
            final_state = 3;
          }
 
          // Update the previous_state
          previous_state = final_state;
        }
 
        // If final state is reached
        if (final_state === 3) {
          document.write("Accepted");
        }
 
        // Otherwise
        else {
          document.write("Not Accepted");
        }
      }
 
      // Driver Code
      // Given string
      var s = "010011";
 
      // Function Call
      checkValidDFA(s);
       
</script>