What is Pass by Value in JavaScript ?

In JavaScript, pass-by value refers to the mechanism by which arguments are passed to functions. When primitive data types (like numbers, strings, or booleans) are passed as arguments, a copy of the actual value is passed to the function. Changes made to the parameter inside the function do not affect the original value outside the function. This behavior ensures that the original data remains unchanged, promoting predictability in the code. However, it’s important to understand that even though objects and arrays in JavaScript are technically passed by value, a reference to the object or array is passed rather than a direct copy. The modifications to the object’s properties or array elements inside the function are reflected outside the function. This mechanism often leads to the misconception that JavaScript is passed by reference for objects, but it follows the pass-by-value, even though it refers to complex data types.