What is meant by Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions? Give Examples.

Exothermic and endothermic reactions are terms used to describe two different types of chemical reactions based on their heat exchange with the surroundings:

1. Exothermic Reactions:
   • In an exothermic reaction, heat is released into the surroundings during the reaction. This means that the products of the reaction have less energy than the reactants, and the reaction feels warm to the touch.
   • Example: Combustion reactions, such as the burning of gasoline in a car engine or the combustion of natural gas in a stove, are exothermic. They release heat and often produce flames and increased temperatures as byproducts.
2. Endothermic Reactions:
   • In an endothermic reaction, heat is absorbed from the surroundings during the reaction. This means that the products of the reaction have more energy than the reactants, and the reaction feels cold to the touch.
   • Example: The process of photosynthesis in plants is an endothermic reaction. Plants absorb energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The energy absorbed makes the surroundings feel cooler.

In summary, exothermic reactions release heat, while endothermic reactions absorb heat. These terms help us understand the energy changes that occur during chemical reactions and are crucial in various fields, including chemistry and thermodynamics