Sort an array according to absolute difference with given value
Given an array of n distinct elements and a number x, arrange array elements according to the absolute difference with x, i. e., element having minimum difference comes first and so on.
Note : If two or more elements are at equal distance arrange them in same sequence as in the given array.
Examples :
Input : arr[] : x = 7, arr[] = {10, 5, 3, 9, 2} Output : arr[] = {5, 9, 10, 3, 2} Explanation: 7 - 10 = 3(abs) 7 - 5 = 2 7 - 3 = 4 7 - 9 = 2(abs) 7 - 2 = 5 So according to the difference with X, elements are arranged as 5, 9, 10, 3, 2. Input : x = 6, arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} Output : arr[] = {5, 4, 3, 2, 1} Input : x = 5, arr[] = {2, 6, 8, 3} Output : arr[] = {6, 3, 2, 8}
The idea is to use a self balancing binary search tree. We traverse input array and for every element, we find its difference with x and store the difference as key and element as value in self balancing binary search tree. Finally we traverse the tree and print its inorder traversal which is required output.
C++ Implementation :
In C++, self-balancing-bianry-search-tree is implemented by set, map and multimap. We can’t use set here as we have key value pairs (not only keys). We also can’t directly use map also as a single key can belong to multiple values and map allows a single value for a key. So we use multimap which stores key value pairs and can have multiple values for a key.
- Store the values in the multimap with the difference with X as key.
- In multiimap, the values will be already in sorted order according to key i.e. difference with X because it implements self-balancing-bianry-search-tree internally.
- Update all the values of array with the values of map so that array has the required output.
// C++ program to sort an array according absolute // difference with x. #include<bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; // Function to sort an array according absolute // difference with x. void rearrange( int arr[], int n, int x) { multimap< int , int > m; multimap< int , int >:: iterator it; // Store values in a map with the difference // with X as key for ( int i = 0 ; i < n; i++) m.insert(make_pair( abs (x-arr[i]),arr[i])); // Update the values of array int i = 0; for (it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); it++) arr[i++] = (*it).second ; } // Function to print the array void printArray( int arr[] , int n) { for ( int i = 0 ; i < n; i++) cout << arr[i] << " " ; } // Driver code int main() { int arr[] = {10, 5, 3, 9 ,2}; int n = sizeof (arr)/ sizeof (arr[0]); int x = 7; rearrange(arr, n, x); printArray(arr, n); return 0; } |
Output:
5 9 10 3 2
Time Complexity : O(n Log n)
Auxiliary Space : O(n)
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Improved By : bhaveshsingh