Part XXI of the Constitution of India | Article 371

Part XXI of the Constitution of India: Part XXI of the Indian Constitution is an amalgamation of various articles with temporary, transitional, and special provisions for the country’s states. In this, several amendments have been included from Article 371 A to J. Different provisions are written in Part 21 of the Indian Constitution that embellish Article 371 as a prominent jurisprudence.

Aspirants who are willing to sit in the UPSC exam must go through this important topic, which is going to help them understand the politics section. Continue reading to learn about Article 371 – Provisions of Part 21 of the Indian Constitution in detail.

Part XXI of the Constitution of India

Article 371 – Provisions of Part XXI of the Indian Constitution

Part XXI of the Indian Constitution is related to the temporary and special provisions anticipated for the 12 states of India. In 2019, Article 370 was abrogated from our constitution because of the disagreement. Hence, Part 21 comprised the articles from 371 to 392. Part XXI is predominant for the listed states, as these special provisions allow for operations and functions. Also embraces the presidential power in territorial disputes to take over its control to protect the citizens from any harm.

State	Provision	Key Details
Maharashtra & Gujarat	President empowers Governor to establish separate development boards for specific regions (Vidarbha, Marathwada, Kutchh, etc.)	Aims to ensure equitable development across different regions within these states.
Nagaland	Acts of Parliament related to religious & social practices, customary law, administration of civil/criminal justice involving customary law, and ownership/transfer of land & resources require State Assembly’s consent.	Protects unique Naga customary practices and land rights.
Assam	President empowered to make provisions for administration of tribal areas of North-Eastern Hill districts of Assam.	Protects special rights and customs of tribal communities in the region.
Sikkim	Initially, special provisions existed to protect Sikkim’s internal matters. After joining India, Sikkim ceased to have special status in 1975.	Not applicable currently.
Manipur	President empowered to make special provisions for administration of tribal areas and Hill districts.	Protects the rights and customary practices of Manipuri tribal communities.
Andhra Pradesh (erstwhile)	President empowered to establish a Central University in the state.	Fosters educational opportunities in the region.
Arunachal Pradesh	Governor has special responsibility to ensure proper administration, and State Assembly must have at least 30 members.	Aims to ensure stability and development in the state.
Goa	State Assembly must have at least 30 members.	Protects unique Goan identity and representation.
Mizoram	Acts of Parliament related to religious & social practices, customary law, administration of civil/criminal justice involving customary law, and ownership/transfer of land & resources require State Assembly’s consent. Also, Inner Line Permit system regulates entry of outsiders.	Protects Mizo customary practices, land rights, and cultural identity.
Telangana (erstwhile)	President empowered to establish a High Court for the state.	Facilitates access to justice in the region.
Meghalaya	Governor has special responsibility to ensure administration of areas inhabited by autonomous district councils, and State Assembly must have at least 60 members.	Recognizes autonomy of tribal councils and ensures adequate representation.

List of States Under Article 371 – Provisions of Part XXI of the Indian Constitution

Here is the list of 12 states in India that come under the provisions of Part 21 of Article 371.

Name of States with Article 371
Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh
Telangana
Sikkim
Mizoram
Arunachal Pradesh
Gujarat
Nagaland
Assam
Manipur
Goa
Karnataka

Provisions of Part XXI for Maharashtra and Gujarat of Indian Constitution

Under this provision, Vidarbh, Marathvada, the rest of Maharashtra, Kach, Saurashtra, and the rest of Gujarat formed different development boards.

There is a provision that the reports of these boards will be presented annually to the State Legislative Assembly.

equal disbursement of the granted fund to the mentioned areas for their growth and progress.

Equivalent dispensation in technical education, vocational training, and employment opportunities for the betterment of the state.

Provisions of Part XXI for Nagaland of Indian Constitution

The provisions under 371 ensure that the cultural and religious practices of the Naga people are preserved and stimulated.

Apart from the foremost situation, the parliamentary acts are not suitable for the Nagas regarding the ownership of land, legal system, and territorial operations.

The state government has special potential to combat the antagonism of Nagas.

The governor is responsible for making sure that the funds provided by the central government have been allocated where they are supposed to be.

A board of directors of 35 members has been commissioned in the Tuensang district to ensure peace and safety.

Provisions of Part XXI for Assam and Manipur of Indian Constitution

For Assam

Under the provision of 371 in Assam, the president has a right to form a committee to elect its members from the tribal regions for the Assam Legislative Assembly.

For Manipur

The president has the power to establish the Manipur Legislative Assembly, and the members can be elected from the mountain areas.

To ensure the functioning of the assembly, a governor will be put in power by the President of India. An annual report has to be submitted on the functioning of the newly formed committee in Manipur. The central government can interfere in the administrations and order them.

Provisions of Part XXI for Andhra Pradesh or Telangana of Indian Constitution

In articles 371 D and 371 E, some special provisions are made for Andhra Pradesh. In 2014, Article 371 was extended to Telangana under the Restructured Act of 2014.

The president holds the power to allocate the equivalent employment opportunities and educational programs for the different regions of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.

Article 371 sanctions the parliament to grant funds for laying the foundation of the central university in the state of Andhra Pradesh.

Provisions of Part XXI for Sikkim of Indian Constitution

The provision confirms that the Sikkim Legislative Assembly must have 30 members, and in the Loksabha, one seat is reserved for the Sikkim.

To protect the rights of the Sikkim population, the parliament has the power to anticipate the Sikkim Legislative Assembly by choosing members who come from different regional backgrounds and beliefs.

To build peace and parallel arrangements in the jurisdiction system, the governor is given power over the social and economic progress of its population.

Provisions of Part XXI for Mizoram of Indian Constitution

The parliamentary acts cannot be applicable in such scenarios in Mizoram until the Mizoram State Legislative Assembly permits them.

The social and religious practices of Mizoram.

The Mizo customary law.

The decisions on the criminal and civil systems follow Mizo customary law.

Export of its resources; ownership of land.

The Mizoram Legislative Assembly must not be less than 40 members, as per the provision of Article 371.

Provisions of Part XXI for Arunachal Pradesh and Goa of Indian Constitution

For Arunachal Pradesh

It should be a legislative assembly of 30 members. The governor has the power to make the law and order for the state after consulting with the ministers. However, this power will be revoked after the decision of the President of India.

For Goa

The Goa State Legislative Assembly must not have less than 30 members, according to the provisions of Article 371-I.

Provisions of Part XXI for Karnataka of Indian Constitution

Establishment of different boards for the regions of Hyderabad and Karnataka to ensure equivalent growth and employment for the people of backward regions.

Allocation of provided funds in an indistinguishable manner so it reaches the right one.

The provision ensures the reservation for students who belong to the regions of Hyderabad and Karnataka, as well as for state government jobs.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Part 21 of the Indian Constitution states the special provisions for 12 states of India, including Maharastra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Sikkim, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, Goa, and Karnataka. In the above article, we have provided a complete list Provisions of Part 21 of the Indian Constitution under Article 371.

FAQs: Article 371 – Provisions of Part XXI of the Indian Constitution

What is Article 371 of the Indian Constitution?

A provision to empower and ensure the parallel development of the 12 mentioned states by securing their cultural and regional beliefs, the dissemination of lands and resources, and the growth of the population by providing them with employment and education.

Which states are part of Article 371 of the Indian Constitution?

There are a total of 12 states listed in Article 371, which are Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Sikkim, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, Goa, and Karnataka.

What are the common themes in these provisions?

Common themes include protecting unique cultural practices, ensuring equitable development, safeguarding land and resource rights, and ensuring special administrative considerations for tribal communities.

Which article gives special status to Sikkim?

Article 371(F) of the Indian Constitution gives special status to Sikkim.

What are the key details of the provisions for Nagaland?

Acts of Parliament related to religion, social customs, customary law, and land ownership require consent from the state assembly, protecting Naga traditions and rights.