Open a File by Regular Expression in Python
Last Updated :
22 Feb, 2024
Regular expressions (regex) are powerful tools for pattern matching and manipulation of text data. When it comes to opening files based on a specific pattern or criteria, regular expressions can be a handy solution. In this article, we will explore how to open a file using regular expressions in three different programming languages: Python, JavaScript, and Ruby.
What is Regular Expression?
A regular expression, often abbreviated as “regex” or “regexp,” is a sequence of characters that defines a search pattern. It is a powerful tool used for pattern matching within strings. Regular expressions are a domain-specific language (DSL) embedded in many programming languages and tools, allowing developers to describe and match complex patterns of characters.
How to Open a File by Regular Expression?
Below, are the methods for How To Open A File By Regular Expression In Python.
Example 1: Using Basic Pattern Matching
In this example, the re.compile function is used to create a regex pattern based on the provided file_pattern. The search method is then applied to each file in the directory, and matching files are opened and their content is printed.
Python3
import re
def open_file_by_regex(file_pattern):
files = [ "example.txt" , "data.csv" , "report.docx" , "image.png" ]
pattern = re. compile (file_pattern)
matching_files = [ file for file in files if pattern.search( file )]
for file_name in matching_files:
with open (file_name, 'r' ) as file :
content = file .read()
print (f "Content of {file_name}:\n{content}\n" )
open_file_by_regex(r '.*\.txt' )
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Output
Content of example.txt:
Hello GeeksforGeeks
Example 2 : Extracting Information from File Name
In this example, the regex pattern includes groups ((\d{4})(\d{2})(\d{2})) to extract year, month, and day from file names containing timestamps. The extracted information is then printed alongside the file name.
Python3
import re
def open_file_by_regex_and_extract(file_pattern):
files = [ "20220101_report.txt" , "20220215_data.csv" , "20220320_summary.docx" ]
pattern = re. compile (r '(\d{4})(\d{2})(\d{2})_' + file_pattern)
for file_name in files:
match = pattern.match(file_name)
if match:
year, month, day = match.groups()
print (f "Date: {year}-{month}-{day}, File: {file_name}" )
open_file_by_regex_and_extract(r '.*\.txt' )
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Output
Date: 2022-01-01, File: 20220101_report.txt:
Hi, GeeksforGeeks
Conclusion
In conclusion, leveraging regular expressions in Python to open files provides a versatile and dynamic approach for handling specific patterns within file names. The presented code examples demonstrate the flexibility of regular expressions in matching and extracting relevant information from file names. Whether conducting basic pattern matching, extracting data from timestamps, or performing case-insensitive searches, regular expressions empower users to streamline file-handling processes.
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