National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) Report 2021

NCRB (National Crime Records Bureau) is a body that has records of crimes and criminals to assist examiners or investigators. It was the year 1986 when NCRB was established on the recommendation of the Tandon Committee, National police commission 1977, and a Taskforce constituted by the Ministry of Home Affairs (1985) with the intention of empowering Indian police to enforce the law effectively with criminal intelligence as well as information technology solutions.
Today’s criminals are using technology in their dirty planning and crime, therefore, police need to be more advanced and for that, NCRB plays a crucial role to train armed and non-armed forces of the Indian government. As well as organizing seminars, and workshops with foreign countries so that technology can be exchanged.

Objective of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB):

1. Enhancing performance of police forces in IT-based knowledge.
2. For that enhancement, NCRB also has an objective of putting out different IT products and its R&D process for the police particularly.
3. NCRB surveys collect data and produce shareable National Databases on Crime, and criminals for police and agencies to look after it and act accordingly.
4. It has the objective of providing training in IT and Fingerprint Science for more advancement in the police department.
5. Organizing seminars, and workshops with foreign countries/police forces so that technology can be exchanged and can improve the capacity of police forces.
6. Core objective:- Effectively enforce the law via using technology and improve public service delivery. 

Division of National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB):

NCRB is divided into different divisions:-

1. Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS) Branch
2. Training Branch
3. Statistical Branch
4. Data Centre and Technical (DCT) Branch
5. Central fingerprint bureau

Out of these five, Statistical Branch is the one which brings the annual publication of data collected on:- 
1. Crime in India 
2. Accidental death and suicides in India. 
3. Prison statistics India.
           Also collecting data on crime statistics and human trafficking on monthly basis. Headed by Chief statistical officer CSO

Reports of National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) 2021: 

• 69th edition has Collected data from 36 states /Union Territories and 53 metropolitan cities having more than 10 lakh population according to the latest census.
• It is collected by State Crime Records Bureaux (SCRBx) at the district level and sent to NCRB every year.

1. Crime in India 2021:

The oldest report contains cases registered and their disposal plus persons arrested and their disposal. It follows the ‘principal offense rule‘ for the classification of crime means the most heinous crimes will be considered out of multiple crimes. 

• A total of 60 lakh cognizable crimes (crimes in which police officers can arrest without warrant) comprising IPC (Indian Penal Code) and SLL (Special and Local Law) crimes were registered in 2021.
• It shows a decline of 7.6% in the registration of cases.
• Hurt accounted for the maximum cases: 53.2%
• Causing death by negligence: 13.3%
• Kidnapping and abduction: 9.2%
• murder:- A total of 29,272 cases of murder increased by 0.3%
• 1+ lakh cases of kidnapping showing an increase of 20%. 

Crime against Children and Senior Citizens:

• More than 1 lakh cases against children were registered to show an increase of 16.2%
• Kidnapping (45%) and protection of children from sexual offences act, 2012 (38.1%)
• A total of 27k cases – of crime against senior citizens showing an increase of 5.3% in registration over 2020.
• Haryana tops the list while Nagaland is the lowest. 

Crime against SCs and STs:

• More than 50k crimes against SCs, an increase of 1.2%
• Total of 8,802 cases against STs, an increase of 6.4%.

Cybercrime:

• A total of 53k cases, an increase of 5.9% in registration.

Crime Against Women:

• More than 4 lakh crimes against women were registered in 2021, an increase of 13.2%.
• Delhi was reported as the most unsafe for women, with 2 minor girls raped every day in 2021.
• The rate of crime against women (the number of incidents per 1 lakh population) increased from 56.5% in 2020 to 64.5% in 2021. 
• Assam tops the list for the straight 5th time in a row.
• Categories of crime against women:- 31.8%( cruelty by husband or his relatives), 20.8% (use force against a woman with intent to outrage her modesty, 17.6% (kidnapping and abduction) and rape (7.4%).
• Uttar Pradesh tops the list (56,083) in a number of cases followed by Rajasthan and Maharashtra.
• Nagaland is the lowest.
• 20% increase in rape with Rajasthan topping the list.
• Under the domestic violence act, only 507 cases were registered to show an underreporting of cases.
• Jharkhand (100) and Maharashtra (77) report most communal riots.
• Most caste conflict violence was reported in Bihar with 201 cases.

2. Accidental Death and Suicides in India 2021:

It includes Natural forces and other causes such as suicides.

Suicides:

• 120 deaths per mn population (Highest of the time) 1.5+ lakh in 2020 and 1.64+ lakh in 2021.
• Suicides hike up by 7.17 per cent at the National Level between 2020-2021
• Profession-wise, Daily wage earners remained the largest among suicide victims.
• Maximum suicide in Maharashtra and among UTs, Delhi is at Highest.
• Reasons:- mental issues because of the pandemic, health issues, family problems etc.

Road Accidents:

• Deaths in road accidents are up by 17%
• 1.55 lakh people died in 2021
• The total number of road accidents reported was 4.03 lakh, up from 3.54 lakh in 2020.
• A maximum number of cases were reported in Tamilnadu.
• Reasons:- speeding accounting for over half of all deaths, and negligence driving.

3. Prison Statistics India:

• The total number of prisons at the national level has increased from 1,306 in 2020 to 1,319 in 2021 increasing by 1.0%
• The highest number of jails is in Rajasthan (144) followed by Tamilnadu (142)
• Delhi has maximum central jails(14)
• Uttar Pradesh has maximum district jails.

Conclusion:

This report paved a way for police departments and forces to look after these statistics and act accordingly ensuring a safe environment in the country.