Longest prefix which is also suffix

Difficulty Level : Medium
Last Updated : 15 Feb, 2021

Given a string s, find length of the longest prefix which is also suffix. The prefix and suffix should not overlap.
Examples:

Input : aabcdaabc
Output : 4
The string "aabc" is the longest
prefix which is also suffix.

Input : abcab
Output : 2

Input : aaaa
Output : 2

Simple Solution : Since overlapping of prefix and suffix is not allowed, we break the string from middle and start matching left and right string. If they are equal return size of any one string else try for shorter lengths on both sides.
Below is a solution of above approach!

C++

// CPP program to find length of the
// longest prefix which is also suffix
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to find largest prefix 
// which is also a suffix
int largest_prefix_suffix(const std::string 
                                      &str) 
{
   
  int n = str.length();
   
  // if n is less than 2
  if(n < 2) {
    return 0;
  }
 
  int len = 0;
  int i = 1;
   
  // Iterate i till n
  while(i < n)
  {
     
    // If str[i] is equal to 
    // str[len]
    if(str[i] == str[len]) 
    {
      ++len;
      ++i;
    }
    else
    {
      i = i - len + 1;
      len = 0;
    }
  }
   
  // Return len
  return len;
 
}
 
// Driver code
int main() 
{
     
  string s = "blablabla";
 
  // Function Call
  cout << largest_prefix_suffix(s);
  return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to find length of the longest
// prefix which is also suffix
class GFG 
{
     
   // Function to find largest prefix 
   // which is also a suffix
   static int longestPrefixSuffix(String s) 
   {
      int n = s.length();
 
      // If n is less than 2
      if(n < 2) {
          return 0;
      }
 
      int len = 0;
      int i = (n + 1)/2;
 
      // Iterate i till n
      while(i < n)
      {
 
        // If s[i] is equal to 
        // s[len]
        if(s[i] == s[len]) 
        {
          ++len;
          ++i;
        }
        else
        {
          i = i - len + 1;
          len = 0;
        }
      }
 
      // Return len
      return len;
 
  }
     
    // Driver code
  public static void main (String[] args) 
  {
    String s = "blablabla";
    System.out.println(longestPrefixSuffix(s));
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Anant Agarwal.

Python3

# Python3 program to find length 
# of the longest prefix which 
# is also suffix
def longestPrefixSuffix(s) :
    n = len(s)
     
    for res in range(n // 2, 0, -1) :
         
        # Check for shorter lengths
        # of first half.
        prefix = s[0: res]
        suffix = s[n - res: n]
         
        if (prefix == suffix) :
            return res
             
 
    # if no prefix and suffix match 
    # occurs
    return 0
     
# Driver Code
if __name__ == "__main__":
    s = "blablabla"
    print(longestPrefixSuffix(s))
 
# This code is contributed by Nikita Tiwari.

C#

// C# program to find length of the longest
// prefix which is also suffix
using System;
 
class GFG 
{
     
    // Function to find largest prefix 
    // which is also a suffix
    static int longestPrefixSuffix(String s) 
    {
        int n = s.Length;
     
        // if n is less than 2
        if(n < 2) {
          return 0;
        }
 
        int len = 0;
        int i = (n + 1)/2;
 
        // Iterate i till n
        while(i < n)
        {
 
          // If str[i] is equal to 
          // str[len]
          if(str[i] == str[len]) 
          {
            ++len;
            ++i;
          }
          else
          {
            i = i - len + 1;
            len = 0;
          }
        }
 
        // Return len
        return len;
    }
     
    // Driver code
    public static void Main () 
    {
        String s = "blablabla";
         
        Console.WriteLine(longestPrefixSuffix(s));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by vt_m.

Output:

Efficient Solution: The idea is to use preprocessing algorithm of KMP search. In the preprocessing algorithm, we build lps array which stores the following values.

lps[i] = the longest proper prefix of pat[0..i]
which is also a suffix of pat[0..i].

C++

// Efficient CPP program to find length of 
// the longest prefix which is also suffix
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Returns length of the longest prefix
// which is also suffix and the two do
// not overlap. This function mainly is
// copy computeLPSArray() of in below post
// https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/searching-for-patterns-set-2-kmp-algorithm/
int longestPrefixSuffix(string s)
{
    int n = s.length();
 
    int lps[n];
    lps[0] = 0; // lps[0] is always 0
 
    // length of the previous
    // longest prefix suffix
    int len = 0;
 
    // the loop calculates lps[i]
    // for i = 1 to n-1
    int i = 1;
    while (i < n)
    {
        if (s[i] == s[len])
        {
            len++;
            lps[i] = len;
            i++;
        }
        else // (pat[i] != pat[len])
        {
            // This is tricky. Consider
            // the example. AAACAAAA
            // and i = 7. The idea is
            // similar to search step.
            if (len != 0)
            {
                len = lps[len-1];
 
                // Also, note that we do
                // not increment i here
            }
            else // if (len == 0)
            {
                lps[i] = 0;
                i++;
            }
        }
    }
 
    int res = lps[n-1];
 
    // Since we are looking for
    // non overlapping parts.
    return (res > n/2)? n/2 : res;
}
 
// Driver program to test above function
int main()
{
    string s = "abcab";
    cout << longestPrefixSuffix(s);
    return 0;
}

Java

// Efficient Java program to find length of 
// the longest prefix which is also suffix
 
class GFG 
{
    // Returns length of the longest prefix
    // which is also suffix and the two do
    // not overlap. This function mainly is
    // copy computeLPSArray() of in below post
    // https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/searching-
    // for-patterns-set-2-kmp-algorithm/
    static int longestPrefixSuffix(String s)
    {
        int n = s.length();
     
        int lps[] = new int[n];
         
        // lps[0] is always 0
        lps[0] = 0; 
     
        // length of the previous
        // longest prefix suffix
        int len = 0;
     
        // the loop calculates lps[i]
        // for i = 1 to n-1
        int i = 1;
        while (i < n)
        {
            if (s.charAt(i) == s.charAt(len))
            {
                len++;
                lps[i] = len;
                i++;
            }
             
             // (pat[i] != pat[len])
            else
            {
                // This is tricky. Consider
                // the example. AAACAAAA
                // and i = 7. The idea is
                // similar to search step.
                if (len != 0)
                {
                    len = lps[len-1];
     
                    // Also, note that we do
                    // not increment i here
                }
                 
                // if (len == 0)
                else
                {
                    lps[i] = 0;
                    i++;
                }
            }
        }
     
        int res = lps[n-1];
     
        // Since we are looking for
        // non overlapping parts.
        return (res > n/2)? n/2 : res;
    }
     
    // Driver program 
    public static void main (String[] args) 
    {
        String s = "abcab";
        System.out.println(longestPrefixSuffix(s));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Anant Agarwal.

Python3

# Efficient Python 3 program
# to find length of 
# the longest prefix 
# which is also suffix
 
# Returns length of the longest prefix
# which is also suffix and the two do
# not overlap. This function mainly is
# copy computeLPSArray() of in below post
# https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/searching-for-patterns-set-2-kmp-algorithm/
def longestPrefixSuffix(s) :
    n = len(s)
    lps = [0] * n   # lps[0] is always 0
  
    # length of the previous
    # longest prefix suffix
    l = 0
     
    # the loop calculates lps[i]
    # for i = 1 to n-1
    i = 1
    while (i < n) :
        if (s[i] == s[l]) :
            l = l + 1
            lps[i] = l
            i = i + 1
         
        else :
 
            # (pat[i] != pat[len])
            # This is tricky. Consider
            # the example. AAACAAAA
            # and i = 7. The idea is
            # similar to search step.
            if (l != 0) :
                l = lps[l-1]
  
                # Also, note that we do
                # not increment i here
             
            else :
 
                # if (len == 0)
                lps[i] = 0
                i = i + 1
  
    res = lps[n-1]
  
    # Since we are looking for
    # non overlapping parts.
    if(res > n/2) :
        return n//2
    else : 
        return res
         
  
# Driver program to test above function
s = "abcab"
print(longestPrefixSuffix(s))
 
 
# This code is contributed
# by Nikita Tiwari.

C#

// Efficient C# program to find length of 
// the longest prefix which is also suffix
using System;
 
class GFG {
     
    // Returns length of the longest prefix
    // which is also suffix and the two do
    // not overlap. This function mainly is
    // copy computeLPSArray() of in below post
    // https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/searching-
    // for-patterns-set-2-kmp-algorithm/
    static int longestPrefixSuffix(string s)
    {
        int n = s.Length;
     
        int []lps = new int[n];
         
        // lps[0] is always 0
        lps[0] = 0; 
     
        // length of the previous
        // longest prefix suffix
        int len = 0;
     
        // the loop calculates lps[i]
        // for i = 1 to n-1
        int i = 1;
        while (i < n)
        {
            if (s[i] == s[len])
            {
                len++;
                lps[i] = len;
                i++;
            }
             
            // (pat[i] != pat[len])
            else
            {
                 
                // This is tricky. Consider
                // the example. AAACAAAA
                // and i = 7. The idea is
                // similar to search step.
                if (len != 0)
                {
                    len = lps[len-1];
     
                    // Also, note that we do
                    // not increment i here
                }
                 
                // if (len == 0)
                else
                {
                    lps[i] = 0;
                    i++;
                }
            }
        }
     
        int res = lps[n-1];
     
        // Since we are looking for
        // non overlapping parts.
        return (res > n/2) ? n/2 : res;
    }
     
    // Driver program 
    public static void Main () 
    {
        string s = "abcab";
         
        Console.WriteLine(longestPrefixSuffix(s));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by vt_m.

PHP

<?php
// Efficient PHP program to find length of 
// the longest prefix which is also suffix
 
// Returns length of the longest prefix
// which is also suffix and the two do
// not overlap. This function mainly is
// copy computeLPSArray() of in below post
// https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/searching-for-patterns-set-2-kmp-algorithm/
function longestPrefixSuffix($s)
{
    $n = strlen($s);
 
    $lps[$n] = NULL;
     
    // lps[0] is always 0
    $lps[0] = 0; 
 
    // length of the previous
    // longest prefix suffix
    $len = 0;
 
    // the loop calculates lps[i]
    // for i = 1 to n-1
    $i = 1;
    while ($i < $n)
    {
        if ($s[$i] == $s[$len])
        {
            $len++;
            $lps[$i] = $len;
            $i++;
        }
         
        // (pat[i] != pat[len])
        else
        {
             
            // This is tricky. Consider
            // the example. AAACAAAA
            // and i = 7. The idea is
            // similar to search step.
            if ($len != 0)
            {
                $len = $lps[$len-1];
 
                // Also, note that we do
                // not increment i here
            }
             
            // if (len == 0)
            else
            {
                $lps[$i] = 0;
                $i++;
            }
        }
    }
 
    $res = $lps[$n-1];
 
    // Since we are looking for
    // non overlapping parts.
    return ($res > $n/2)? $n/2 : $res;
}
 
    // Driver Code
    $s = "abcab";
    echo longestPrefixSuffix($s);
 
// This code is contributed by nitin mittal
?>

Output:

Please refer computeLPSArray() of KMP search for explanation.
Time Complexity : O(n)
Auxiliary Space : O(n)
Solution using RegEx:

Python3

# Python code to find length of the longest
# prefix which is also suffix
import re
 
s = "ABCABCABCABCABC" # Example input
 
print(len(re.findall(r'^(\w*).*\1$',s)[0]))

Output:

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