JSON | Data Types

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is most widely used data format for data interchange on the web. JSON is a lightweight text based, data-interchange format and it completely language independent. It is based on a subset of the JavaScript programming language and it is easy to understand and generate.
JSON supports mainly 6 data types:

1. string
2. number
3. boolean
4. null
5. object
6. array

Note: string, number, boolean, null are simple data types or primitives data types whereas object and array are referred as complex data types.

1. String: JSON strings must be written in double quotes like C-language there are various special characters(Escape Characters) in JSON that you can use in strings such as \ (backslash), / (forward slash), b (backspace), n (new line), r (carriage return), t (horizontal tab) etc.
   Example:
   
   
   

   { "name":"Vivek" }
   
   { "city":"Delhi\/India" }
   
   here \/ is used for Escape Character / (forward slash).

2. Number: Represented in base 10 and octal and hexadecimal formats are not used.
   Example:

   { "age": 20 }
   { "percentage": 82.44}
   

3. Boolean: This data type can be either true or false.
   Example:

   { "result" : true }
   

4. Null: It is just a define nillable value.
   Example:

   {
     "result" : true,
     "grade" : null,
     "rollno" : 210
   }
   

5. Object: It is a set of name or value pairs inserted between {} (curly braces). The keys must be strings and should be unique and multiple key and value pairs are separated by a, (comma).
   Syntax:

   { key : value, .......}

   Example:

   {
   "Geek":{ "name":"Peter", "age":20, "score": 50.05}
   }
   

6. Array: It is an ordered collection of values and begins with [ (left bracket) and ends with ] (right bracket). The values of array are separated by ,(comma).
   Syntax:

   [ value, .......]

   Example:

   {
   "geek":[ "Sahil", "Vivek", "Rahul" ]
   }
   
   {
     "collection" : [
           {"id" : 101},
           {"id" : 102},
           {"id" : 103}
     ]
   }
   

Example of JSON document:

{
  "Geeks" : [
    { 
      "Geekname" : "Sahil kumar",
      "subject" : "Data structures",
      "Articles" : 10
      },
    { 
      "Geekname" : "Pawan singh",
      "subject" : "Algorithms",
      "Articles" : 16 
      },
    { 
      "Geekname" : "Ayush Goel",
      "subject" : "Networking",
      "Articles" : 7
      }
  ]
}

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