Find politeness of a number

Given an integer n. Find politeness of number n. Politeness of a number is defined as the number of ways it can be expressed as the sum of consecutive integers.

Input: n = 15
Output: 3
Explanation:
There are only three ways to express
15 as sum of consecutive integers i.e.,
15 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
15 = 4 + 5 + 6
15 = 7 + 8
Hence answer is 3

Input: n = 9;
Output:  1
There are two ways of representation:
9 = 2 + 3 + 4
9 = 4 + 5

We strongly recommend that you click here and practice it, before moving on to the solution.

Naive approach is to run a loop one inside another and find the sum of every consecutive integers up to n. Time complexity of this approach will be O(n²) which will not be sufficient for large value of n.

Efficient approach is to use factorization. We factorize the number n and count the number of odd factors. Total number of odd factors (except 1) is equal to politeness of the number. Refer this for proof of this fact. In general if a number can be represented as a^p * b^q * c^r … where a, b, c, … are prime factors of n. If a = 2 (even) then discard it and count total number of odd factors which can be written as [(q + 1) * (r + 1) * …] – 1 (Here 1 is subtracted because single term in representation is not allowed).

How does above formula work? The fact is, if a number is expressed as a^p * b^q * c^r … where a, b, c, … are prime factors of n, then number of divisors is (p+1)*(q+1)*(r+1) ……
To simplify, let there be one factor and number is expressed as a^p. Divisors are 1, a, a², …. a^p. The count of divisors is p+1. Now let us take a slightly more complicated case a^pb^p. The divisors are :
1, a, a², …. a^p
b, ba, ba², …. ba^p
b², b²a, b²a², …. b²a^p
…………….
…………….
b^q, b^qa, b^qa², …. b^qa^p

The count of above terms is (p+1)*(q+1). Similarly, we can prove for more prime factors.

Illustration : For n = 90, decomposition of prime factors will be as follows:-
=> 90 = 2 * 3² * 5¹. The power of odd prime factors 3, 5 are 2 and 1 respectively. Apply above formula as: (2 + 1) * (1 + 1) -1 = 5. Hence 5 will be the answer. We can crosscheck it. All odd factors are 3, 5, 9, 15 and 45.

Below is the program of above steps:-

C++

// C+ program to find politeness of number 
#include <iostream> 
using namespace std; 
  
// A function to count all odd prime factors 
// of a given number n 
int countOddPrimeFactors(int n) 
{ 
    int result = 1; 
  
    // Eliminate all even prime factor of number of n 
    while (n % 2 == 0) 
        n /= 2; 
  
    // n must be odd at this point, so iterate for only 
    // odd numbers till sqrt(n) 
    for (int i = 3; i * i <= n; i += 2) { 
        int divCount = 0; 
  
        // if i divides n, then start counting of 
        // Odd divisors 
        while (n % i == 0) { 
            n /= i; 
            ++divCount; 
        } 
  
        result *= divCount + 1; 
    } 
  
    // If n odd prime still remains then count it 
    if (n > 2) 
        result *= 2; 
  
    return result; 
} 
  
int politness(int n) 
{ 
    return countOddPrimeFactors(n) - 1; 
} 
  
// Driver program to test above function 
int main() 
{ 
    int n = 90; 
    cout << "Politness of " << n << " = "
         << politness(n) << "\n"; 
  
    n = 15; 
    cout << "Politness of " << n << " = "
         << politness(n) << "\n"; 
    return 0; 
} 

Java

// Java program to find politeness of a number 
  
public class Politeness { 
    // A function to count all odd prime factors 
    // of a given number n 
    static int countOddPrimeFactors(int n) 
    { 
        int result = 1; 
  
        // Eliminate all even prime factor of number of n 
        while (n % 2 == 0) 
            n /= 2; 
  
        // n must be odd at this point, so iterate 
        // for only odd numbers till sqrt(n) 
        for (int i = 3; i * i <= n; i += 2) { 
            int divCount = 0; 
  
            // if i divides n, then start counting of 
            // Odd divisors 
            while (n % i == 0) { 
                n /= i; 
                ++divCount; 
            } 
  
            result *= divCount + 1; 
        } 
        // If n odd prime still remains then count it 
        if (n > 2) 
            result *= 2; 
  
        return result; 
    } 
  
    static int politness(int n) 
    { 
        return countOddPrimeFactors(n) - 1; 
    } 
  
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    { 
        int n = 90; 
        System.out.println("Politness of " + n + " = "
                           + politness(n)); 
  
        n = 15; 
        System.out.println("Politness of " + n + " = "
                           + politness(n)); 
    } 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by Saket Kumar 

Python

# Python program to find politeness of number 
  
# A function to count all odd prime factors 
# of a given number n 
def countOddPrimeFactors(n) : 
    result = 1; 
   
    # Eliminate all even prime factor of  
    # number of n 
    while (n % 2 == 0) : 
        n /= 2
   
    # n must be odd at this point, so iterate 
    # for only odd numbers till sqrt(n) 
    i = 3
    while i * i <= n : 
        divCount = 0
   
        # if i divides n, then start counting  
        # of Odd divisors 
        while (n % i == 0) : 
            n /= i 
            divCount = divCount + 1
         
        result = result * divCount + 1
        i = i + 2
   
    # If n odd prime still remains then count it 
    if (n > 2) : 
        result = result * 2
          
    return result 
      
   
def politness( n) : 
    return countOddPrimeFactors(n) - 1; 
  
# Driver program to test above function 
n = 90
print "Politness of ", n, " = ", politness(n) 
n = 15
print "Politness of ", n, " = ", politness(n) 
  
# This code is contributed by Nikita Tiwari. 

C#

// C# program to find politeness of a number. 
using System; 
  
public class GFG { 
      
    // A function to count all odd prime  
    // factors of a given number n 
    static int countOddPrimeFactors(int n) 
    { 
          
        int result = 1; 
  
        // Eliminate all even prime factor  
        // of number of n 
        while (n % 2 == 0) 
            n /= 2; 
  
        // n must be odd at this point, so 
        // iterate for only odd numbers 
        // till sqrt(n) 
        for (int i = 3; i * i <= n; i += 2) 
        { 
            int divCount = 0; 
  
            // if i divides n, then start 
            // counting of Odd divisors 
            while (n % i == 0) { 
                n /= i; 
                ++divCount; 
            } 
  
            result *= divCount + 1; 
        } 
          
        // If n odd prime still remains  
        // then count it 
        if (n > 2) 
            result *= 2; 
  
        return result; 
    } 
  
    static int politness(int n) 
    { 
        return countOddPrimeFactors(n) - 1; 
    } 
  
    // Driver code 
    public static void Main() 
    { 
        int n = 90; 
        Console.WriteLine("Politness of "
               + n + " = " + politness(n)); 
  
        n = 15; 
        Console.WriteLine("Politness of " 
               + n + " = " + politness(n)); 
    } 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by nitin mittal. 

PHP

<?php 
// PHP program to find  
// politeness of number 
  
// A function to count all 
// odd prime factors of a  
// given number n 
function countOddPrimeFactors($n) 
{ 
    $result = 1; 
  
    // Eliminate all even prime  
    // factor of number of n 
    while($n % 2 == 0) 
        $n /= 2; 
  
    // n must be odd at this  
    // point, so iterate for only 
    // odd numbers till sqrt(n) 
    for ($i = 3; $i * $i <= $n; $i += 2)  
    { 
        $divCount = 0; 
  
        // if i divides n, then 
        // start counting of 
        // Odd divisors 
        while($n % $i == 0) 
        { 
            $n /= $i; 
            ++$divCount; 
        } 
  
        $result *= $divCount + 1; 
    } 
  
    // If n odd prime still  
    // remains then count it 
    if ($n > 2) 
        $result *= 2; 
  
    return $result; 
} 
  
function politness($n) 
{ 
    return countOddPrimeFactors($n) - 1; 
} 
  
    // Driver Code 
    $n = 90; 
    echo "Politness of " , $n , " = "
               , politness($n), "\n"; 
  
    $n = 15; 
    echo "Politness of " , $n , " = "
               , politness($n) ,"\n"; 
  
// This code is contributed by nitin mittal. 
?> 

Output:
Politness of 90 = 5
Politness of 15 = 3

Time complexity: O(sqrt(n))
Auxiliary space: O(1)

Reference: Wikipedia

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