Delete Edge to minimize subtree sum difference

Given an undirected tree whose each node is associated with a weight. We need to delete an edge in such a way that difference between sum of weight in one subtree to sum of weight in other subtree is minimized.

Example:



In above tree, 
We have 6 choices for edge deletion,
edge 0-1,  subtree sum difference = 21 - 2 = 19
edge 0-2,  subtree sum difference = 14 - 9 = 5
edge 0-3,  subtree sum difference = 15 - 8 = 7
edge 2-4,  subtree sum difference = 20 - 3 = 17
edge 2-5,  subtree sum difference = 18 - 5 = 13
edge 3-6,  subtree sum difference = 21 - 2 = 19

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

We can solve this problem using DFS. One simple solution is to delete each edge one by one and check subtree sum difference. Finally choose the minimum of them. This approach takes quadratic amount of time. An efficient method can solve this problem in linear time by calculating the sum of both subtrees using total sum of the tree. We can get the sum of other tree by subtracting sum of one subtree from the total sum of tree, in this way subtree sum difference can be calculated at each node in O(1) time. First we calculate the weight of complete tree and then while doing the DFS at each node, we calculate its subtree sum, by using these two values we can calculate subtree sum difference.
In below code, another array subtree is used to store sum of subtree rooted at node i in subtree[i]. DFS is called with current node index and parent index each time to loop over children only at each node.
Please see below code for better understanding.

C++

// C++ program to minimize subtree sum 
// difference by one edge deletion 
#include <bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
  
/* DFS method to traverse through edges, 
   calculating subtree sum at each node and 
   updating the difference between subtrees */
void dfs(int u, int parent, int totalSum, 
        vector<int> edge[], int subtree[], int& res) 
{ 
    int sum = subtree[u]; 
  
    /*  loop for all neighbors except parent and 
        aggregate sum over all subtrees    */
    for (int i = 0; i < edge[u].size(); i++) 
    { 
        int v = edge[u][i]; 
        if (v != parent) 
        { 
            dfs(v, u, totalSum, edge, subtree, res); 
            sum += subtree[v]; 
        } 
    } 
  
    // store sum in current node's subtree index 
    subtree[u] = sum; 
  
    /*  at one side subtree sum is 'sum' and other side 
        subtree sum is 'totalSum - sum' so their difference 
        will  be totalSum - 2*sum, by which we'll update 
        res  */
    if (u != 0 && abs(totalSum - 2*sum) < res) 
        res = abs(totalSum - 2*sum); 
} 
  
//  Method returns minimum subtree sum difference 
int getMinSubtreeSumDifference(int vertex[], 
                     int edges[][2], int N) 
{ 
    int totalSum = 0; 
    int subtree[N]; 
  
    // Calculating total sum of tree and initializing 
    // subtree sum's by vertex values 
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) 
    { 
        subtree[i] = vertex[i]; 
        totalSum += vertex[i]; 
    } 
  
    //  filling edge data structure 
    vector<int> edge[N]; 
    for (int i = 0; i < N - 1; i++) 
    { 
        edge[edges[i][0]].push_back(edges[i][1]); 
        edge[edges[i][1]].push_back(edges[i][0]); 
    } 
  
    int res = INT_MAX; 
  
    // calling DFS method at node 0, with parent as -1 
    dfs(0, -1, totalSum, edge, subtree, res); 
    return res; 
} 
  
//  Driver code to test above methods 
int main() 
{ 
    int vertex[] = {4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 5, 2}; 
    int edges[][2] = {{0, 1}, {0, 2}, {0, 3}, 
                      {2, 4}, {2, 5}, {3, 6}}; 
    int N = sizeof(vertex) / sizeof(vertex[0]); 
  
    cout << getMinSubtreeSumDifference(vertex, edges, N); 
    return 0; 
} 

Python3

# Python3 program to minimize subtree  
# Sum difference by one edge deletion  
  
# DFS method to traverse through edges,  
# calculating subtree Sum at each node and  
# updating the difference between subtrees  
def dfs(u, parent, totalSum, edge,  
                    subtree, res): 
    Sum = subtree[u]  
  
    # loop for all neighbors except parent  
    # and aggregate Sum over all subtrees 
    for i in range(len(edge[u])): 
        v = edge[u][i]  
        if (v != parent): 
            dfs(v, u, totalSum, edge,  
                        subtree, res)  
            Sum += subtree[v] 
  
    # store Sum in current node's  
    # subtree index  
    subtree[u] = Sum
  
    # at one side subtree Sum is 'Sum' and  
    # other side subtree Sum is 'totalSum - Sum'  
    # so their difference will be totalSum - 2*Sum,  
    # by which we'll update res  
    if (u != 0 and abs(totalSum - 2 * Sum) < res[0]): 
        res[0] = abs(totalSum - 2 * Sum) 
  
# Method returns minimum subtree  
# Sum difference  
def getMinSubtreeSumDifference(vertex, edges, N): 
    totalSum = 0
    subtree = [None] * N 
  
    # Calculating total Sum of tree  
    # and initializing subtree Sum's 
    # by vertex values 
    for i in range(N): 
        subtree[i] = vertex[i]  
        totalSum += vertex[i] 
  
    # filling edge data structure  
    edge = [[] for i in range(N)] 
    for i in range(N - 1): 
        edge[edges[i][0]].append(edges[i][1])  
        edge[edges[i][1]].append(edges[i][0]) 
  
    res = [999999999999]  
  
    # calling DFS method at node 0, 
    # with parent as -1  
    dfs(0, -1, totalSum, edge, subtree, res)  
    return res[0] 
  
# Driver Code 
if __name__ == '__main__': 
  
    vertex = [4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 5, 2] 
    edges = [[0, 1], [0, 2], [0, 3],  
             [2, 4], [2, 5], [3, 6]] 
    N = len(vertex)  
  
    print(getMinSubtreeSumDifference(vertex,  
                                     edges, N)) 
  
# This code is contributed by PranchalK 

Output:

This article is contributed by Utkarsh Trivedi. If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article using contribute.geeksforgeeks.org or mail your article to contribute@geeksforgeeks.org. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks.

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