Delete a given node in Linked List under given constraints

Given a Singly Linked List, write a function to delete a given node. Your function must follow following constraints: 
1) It must accept a pointer to the start node as the first parameter and node to be deleted as the second parameter i.e., a pointer to head node is not global. 
2) It should not return a pointer to the head node. 
3) It should not accept pointer to pointer to the head node.
You may assume that the Linked List never becomes empty.
Let the function name be deleteNode(). In a straightforward implementation, the function needs to modify the head pointer when the node to be deleted is the first node. As discussed in previous post, when a function modifies the head pointer, the function must use one of the given approaches, we can’t use any of those approaches here. 
Solution
We explicitly handle the case when the node to be deleted is the first node, we copy the data of the next node to the head and delete the next node. The cases when a deleted node is not the head node can be handled normally by finding the previous node and changing the next of the previous node. The following are the implementation. 

C++

// C++ program to delete a given node
// in linked list under given constraints
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

/* structure of a linked list node */
class Node
{
    public:
    int data;
    Node *next;
};

void deleteNode(Node *head, Node *n)
{
    // When node to be deleted is head node
    if(head == n)
    {
        if(head->next == NULL)
        {
            cout << "There is only one node." <<
                    " The list can't be made empty ";
            return;
        }

        /* Copy the data of next node to head */
        head->data = head->next->data;

        // store address of next node
        n = head->next;

        // Remove the link of next node
        head->next = head->next->next;

        // free memory
        free(n);

        return;
    }


    // When not first node, follow
    // the normal deletion process

    // find the previous node
    Node *prev = head;
    while(prev->next != NULL && prev->next != n)
        prev = prev->next;

    // Check if node really exists in Linked List
    if(prev->next == NULL)
    {
        cout << "\nGiven node is not present in Linked List";
        return;
    }

    // Remove node from Linked List
    prev->next = prev->next->next;

    // Free memory
    free(n);

    return;
}

/* Utility function to insert a node at the beginning */
void push(Node **head_ref, int new_data)
{
    Node *new_node = new Node();
    new_node->data = new_data;
    new_node->next = *head_ref;
    *head_ref = new_node;
}

/* Utility function to print a linked list */
void printList(Node *head)
{
    while(head!=NULL)
    {
        cout<<head->data<<" ";
        head=head->next;
    }
    cout<<endl;
}

/* Driver code */
int main()
{
    Node *head = NULL;

    /* Create following linked list
    12->15->10->11->5->6->2->3 */
    push(&head,3);
    push(&head,2);
    push(&head,6);
    push(&head,5);
    push(&head,11);
    push(&head,10);
    push(&head,15);
    push(&head,12);

    cout<<"Given Linked List: ";
    printList(head);

    /* Let us delete the node with value 10 */
    cout<<"\nDeleting node "<< head->next->next->data<<" ";
    deleteNode(head, head->next->next);

    cout<<"\nModified Linked List: ";
    printList(head);

    /* Let us delete the first node */
    cout<<"\nDeleting first node ";
    deleteNode(head, head);

    cout<<"\nModified Linked List: ";
    printList(head);
    return 0;
}

// This code is contributed by rathbhupendra

C

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

/* structure of a linked list node */
struct Node
{
    int data;
    struct Node *next;
};

void deleteNode(struct Node *head, struct Node *n)
{
    // When node to be deleted is head node
    if(head == n)
    {
        if(head->next == NULL)
        {
            printf("There is only one node. The list can't be made empty ");
            return;
        }

        /* Copy the data of next node to head */
        head->data = head->next->data;

        // store address of next node
        n = head->next;

        // Remove the link of next node
        head->next = head->next->next;

        // free memory
        free(n);

        return;
    }


    // When not first node, follow the normal deletion process

    // find the previous node
    struct Node *prev = head;
    while(prev->next != NULL && prev->next != n)
        prev = prev->next;

    // Check if node really exists in Linked List
    if(prev->next == NULL)
    {
        printf("\n Given node is not present in Linked List");
        return;
    }

    // Remove node from Linked List
    prev->next = prev->next->next;

    // Free memory
    free(n);

    return;
}

/* Utility function to insert a node at the beginning */
void push(struct Node **head_ref, int new_data)
{
    struct Node *new_node =
        (struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
    new_node->data = new_data;
    new_node->next = *head_ref;
    *head_ref = new_node;
}

/* Utility function to print a linked list */
void printList(struct Node *head)
{
    while(head!=NULL)
    {
        printf("%d ",head->data);
        head=head->next;
    }
    printf("\n");
}

/* Driver program to test above functions */
int main()
{
    struct Node *head = NULL;

    /* Create following linked list
      12->15->10->11->5->6->2->3 */
    push(&head,3);
    push(&head,2);
    push(&head,6);
    push(&head,5);
    push(&head,11);
    push(&head,10);
    push(&head,15);
    push(&head,12);

    printf("Given Linked List: ");
    printList(head);

    /* Let us delete the node with value 10 */
    printf("\nDeleting node %d: ", head->next->next->data);
    deleteNode(head, head->next->next);

    printf("\nModified Linked List: ");
    printList(head);

    /* Let us delete the first node */
    printf("\nDeleting first node ");
    deleteNode(head, head);

    printf("\nModified Linked List: ");
    printList(head);

    getchar();
    return 0;
}

Python 3

# Node class
class Node:

    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.next = None

# LinkedList class
class LinkedList:

    def __init__(self):
        self.head = None

    def deleteNode(self, data):
        temp = self.head
        prev = self.head
        if temp.data == data:
            if temp.next is None:
                print("Can't delete the node as it has only one node")
            else:
                temp.data = temp.next.data
                temp.next = temp.next.next
            return
        while temp.next is not None and temp.data != data:
            prev = temp
            temp = temp.next
        if temp.next is None and temp.data !=data:
            print("Can't delete the node as it doesn't exist")
         # If node is last node of the linked list
        elif temp.next is None and temp.data == data:
            prev.next = None
        else:
            prev.next = temp.next


    # To push a new element in the Linked List
    def push(self, new_data):
        new_node = Node(new_data)
        new_node.next = self.head
        self.head = new_node

    # To print all the elements of the Linked List
    def PrintList(self):

        temp = self.head
        while(temp):
            print(temp.data, end = " ")
            temp = temp.next

# Driver Code
llist = LinkedList()
llist.push(3)
llist.push(2)
llist.push(6)
llist.push(5)
llist.push(11)
llist.push(10)
llist.push(15)
llist.push(12)

print("Given Linked List: ", end = ' ')
llist.PrintList()
print("\n\nDeleting node 10:")
llist.deleteNode(10)
print("Modified Linked List: ", end = ' ')
llist.PrintList()
print("\n\nDeleting first node")
llist.deleteNode(12)
print("Modified Linked List: ", end = ' ')
llist.PrintList()

# This code is contributed by Akarsh Somani

Java

// Java program to delete a given node
// in linked list under given constraints

class LinkedList {

    static Node head;

    static class Node {

        int data;
        Node next;

        Node(int d) {
            data = d;
            next = null;
        }
    }

    void deleteNode(Node node, Node n) {

        // When node to be deleted is head node
        if (node == n) {
            if (node.next == null) {
                System.out.println("There is only one node. The list "
                                 + "can't be made empty ");
                return;
            }

            /* Copy the data of next node to head */
            node.data = node.next.data;

            // store address of next node
            n = node.next;

            // Remove the link of next node
            node.next = node.next.next;

            // free memory
            System.gc();

            return;
        }

        // When not first node, follow the normal deletion process
        // find the previous node
        Node prev = node;
        while (prev.next != null && prev.next != n) {
            prev = prev.next;
        }

        // Check if node really exists in Linked List
        if (prev.next == null) {
            System.out.println("Given node is not present in Linked List");
            return;
        }

        // Remove node from Linked List
        prev.next = prev.next.next;

        // Free memory
        System.gc();

        return;
    }

    /* Utility function to print a linked list */
    void printList(Node head) {
        while (head != null) {
            System.out.print(head.data + " ");
            head = head.next;
        }
        System.out.println("");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LinkedList list = new LinkedList();
        list.head = new Node(12);
        list.head.next = new Node(15);
        list.head.next.next = new Node(10);
        list.head.next.next.next = new Node(11);
        list.head.next.next.next.next = new Node(5);
        list.head.next.next.next.next.next = new Node(6);
        list.head.next.next.next.next.next.next = new Node(2);
        list.head.next.next.next.next.next.next.next = new Node(3);

        System.out.println("Given Linked List :");
        list.printList(head);
        System.out.println("");

        // Let us delete the node with value 10
        System.out.println("Deleting node :" + head.next.next.data);
        list.deleteNode(head, head.next.next);

        System.out.println("Modified Linked list :");
        list.printList(head);
        System.out.println("");

        // Let us delete the first node
        System.out.println("Deleting first Node");
        list.deleteNode(head, head);
        System.out.println("Modified Linked List");
        list.printList(head);

    }
}

// this code has been contributed by Mayank Jaiswal

C#

// C# program to delete a given
// node in linked list under
// given constraints
using System;

public class LinkedList
{

    Node head;

    class Node
    {

        public int data;
        public Node next;

        public Node(int d)
        {
            data = d;
            next = null;
        }
    }

    void deleteNode(Node node, Node n)
    {

        // When node to be deleted is head node
        if (node == n)
        {
            if (node.next == null)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("There is only one node. The list "
                                + "can't be made empty ");
                return;
            }

            /* Copy the data of next node to head */
            node.data = node.next.data;

            // store address of next node
            n = node.next;

            // Remove the link of next node
            node.next = node.next.next;

            // free memory
            GC.Collect();

            return;
        }

        // When not first node, follow
        // the normal deletion process
        // find the previous node
        Node prev = node;
        while (prev.next != null && prev.next != n)
        {
            prev = prev.next;
        }

        // Check if node really exists in Linked List
        if (prev.next == null)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Given node is not" +
                               "present in Linked List");
            return;
        }

        // Remove node from Linked List
        prev.next = prev.next.next;

        // Free memory
        GC.Collect();

        return;
    }

    /* Utility function to print a linked list */
    void printList(Node head)
    {
        while (head != null)
        {
            Console.Write(head.data + " ");
            head = head.next;
        }
        Console.WriteLine("");
    }

    // Driver code
    public static void Main(String[] args)
    {
        LinkedList list = new LinkedList();
        list.head = new Node(12);
        list.head.next = new Node(15);
        list.head.next.next = new Node(10);
        list.head.next.next.next = new Node(11);
        list.head.next.next.next.next = new Node(5);
        list.head.next.next.next.next.next = new Node(6);
        list.head.next.next.next.next.next.next = new Node(2);
        list.head.next.next.next.next.next.next.next = new Node(3);

        Console.WriteLine("Given Linked List :");
        list.printList(list.head);
        Console.WriteLine("");

        // Let us delete the node with value 10
        Console.WriteLine("Deleting node :" +
                            list.head.next.next.data);
        list.deleteNode(list.head, list.head.next.next);

        Console.WriteLine("Modified Linked list :");
        list.printList(list.head);
        Console.WriteLine("");

        // Let us delete the first node
        Console.WriteLine("Deleting first Node");
        list.deleteNode(list.head, list.head);
        Console.WriteLine("Modified Linked List");
        list.printList(list.head);
    }
}

// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji

Javascript

<script>
// javascript program to delete a given node
// in linked list under given constraints
var head;

     class Node
     {
            constructor(val)
            {
                this.data = val;
                this.next = null;
            }
        }

    function deleteNode( node,  n)
    {

        // When node to be deleted is head node
        if (node == n)
        {
            if (node.next == null)
            {
                document.write("There is only one node. The list " + "can't be made empty ");
                return;
            }

            /* Copy the data of next node to head */
            node.data = node.next.data;

            // store address of next node
            n = node.next;

            // Remove the link of next node
            node.next = node.next.next;

            // free memory


            return;
        }

        // When not first node, follow the normal deletion process
        // find the previous node
         prev = node;
        while (prev.next != null && prev.next != n)
        {
            prev = prev.next;
        }

        // Check if node really exists in Linked List
        if (prev.next == null)
        {
            document.write("Given node is not present in Linked List");
            return;
        }

        // Remove node from Linked List
        prev.next = prev.next.next;
        return;
    }

    /* Utility function to print a linked list */
    function printList( head)
    {
        while (head != null)
        {
            document.write(head.data + " ");
            head = head.next;
        }
        document.write("");
    }

        head = new Node(12);
        head.next = new Node(15);
        head.next.next = new Node(10);
        head.next.next.next = new Node(11);
        head.next.next.next.next = new Node(5);
        head.next.next.next.next.next = new Node(6);
        head.next.next.next.next.next.next = new Node(2);
        head.next.next.next.next.next.next.next = new Node(3);

        document.write("Given Linked List :");
        printList(head);
        document.write("");

        // Let us delete the node with value 10
        document.write("<br/>Deleting node :" + head.next.next.data);
        deleteNode(head, head.next.next);

        document.write("<br/>Modified Linked list :");
        printList(head);
        document.write("<br/>");

        // Let us delete the first node
        document.write("Deleting first Node<br/>");
        deleteNode(head, head);
        document.write("Modified Linked List");
        printList(head);


// This code is contributed by todaysgaurav
</script>

Output:

Given Linked List: 12 15 10 11 5 6 2 3

Deleting node 10:
Modified Linked List: 12 15 11 5 6 2 3

Deleting first node
Modified Linked List: 15 11 5 6 2 3

TIme Complexity: O(n)

As we are traversing the list only once.

Auxiliary Space: O(1)

As constant extra space is used.

Please write comments if you find the above codes/algorithms incorrect, or find other ways to solve the same problem.