Count the number of non-reachable nodes

Given an undirected graph and a set of vertices, we have to count the number of non-reachable nodes from the given head node using a depth-first search.

Consider below undirected graph with two disconnected components:

not-reachable

In this graph, if we consider 0 as a head node, then the node 0, 1 and 2 are reachable. We mark all the reachable nodes as visited. All those nodes which are not marked as visited i.e, node 3 and 4 are non-reachable nodes. Hence their count is 2.

Example:

Input :   5
          0 1
          0 2
          1 2
          3 4
Output : 2

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

We can either use BFS or DFS for this purpose. In the below implementation, DFS is used. We do DFS from a given source. Since the given graph is undirected, all the vertices that belong to the disconnected component are non-reachable nodes. We use the visited array for this purpose, the array which is used to keep track of non-visited vertices in DFS. In DFS, if we start from the head node it will mark all the nodes connected to the head node as visited. Then after traversing the graph, we count the number of nodes that are not marked as visited from the head node.

C++

// C++ program to count non-reachable nodes 
// from a given source using DFS. 
#include <iostream> 
#include <list> 
using namespace std; 
  
// Graph class represents a directed graph 
// using adjacency list representation 
class Graph { 
    int V; // No. of vertices 
  
    // Pointer to an array containing 
    // adjacency lists 
    list<int>* adj; 
  
    // A recursive function used by DFS 
    void DFSUtil(int v, bool visited[]); 
  
public: 
    Graph(int V); // Constructor 
  
    // function to add an edge to graph 
    void addEdge(int v, int w); 
  
    // DFS traversal of the vertices 
    // reachable from v 
    int countNotReach(int v); 
}; 
  
Graph::Graph(int V) 
{ 
    this->V = V; 
    adj = new list<int>[V]; 
} 
  
void Graph::addEdge(int v, int w) 
{ 
    adj[v].push_back(w); // Add w to v’s list. 
    adj[w].push_back(v); // Add v to w's list. 
} 
  
void Graph::DFSUtil(int v, bool visited[]) 
{ 
    // Mark the current node as visited and 
    // print it 
    visited[v] = true; 
  
    // Recur for all the vertices adjacent 
    // to this vertex 
    list<int>::iterator i; 
    for (i = adj[v].begin(); i != adj[v].end(); ++i) 
        if (!visited[*i]) 
            DFSUtil(*i, visited); 
} 
  
// Returns count of not reachable nodes from 
// vertex v. 
// It uses recursive DFSUtil() 
int Graph::countNotReach(int v) 
{ 
    // Mark all the vertices as not visited 
    bool* visited = new bool[V]; 
    for (int i = 0; i < V; i++) 
        visited[i] = false; 
  
    // Call the recursive helper function 
    // to print DFS traversal 
    DFSUtil(v, visited); 
  
    // Return count of not visited nodes 
    int count = 0; 
    for (int i = 0; i < V; i++) { 
        if (visited[i] == false) 
            count++; 
    } 
    return count; 
} 
  
int main() 
{ 
    // Create a graph given in the above diagram 
    Graph g(8); 
    g.addEdge(0, 1); 
    g.addEdge(0, 2); 
    g.addEdge(1, 2); 
    g.addEdge(3, 4); 
    g.addEdge(4, 5); 
    g.addEdge(6, 7); 
  
    cout << g.countNotReach(2); 
  
    return 0; 
} 

Python3

# Python3 program to count non-reachable  
# nodes from a given source using DFS.  
  
# Graph class represents a directed graph  
# using adjacency list representation  
class Graph: 
    def __init__(self, V): 
        self.V = V 
        self.adj = [[] for i in range(V)] 
  
    def addEdge(self, v, w): 
        self.adj[v].append(w) # Add w to v’s list.  
        self.adj[w].append(v) # Add v to w's list. 
      
    def DFSUtil(self, v, visited): 
          
        # Mark the current node as  
        # visited and print it  
        visited[v] = True
      
        # Recur for all the vertices  
        # adjacent to this vertex 
        i = self.adj[v][0] 
        while i != self.adj[v][-1]: 
            if (not visited[i]): 
                self.DFSUtil(i, visited) 
            i += 1
      
    # Returns count of not reachable  
    # nodes from vertex v.  
    # It uses recursive DFSUtil()  
    def countNotReach(self, v): 
          
        # Mark all the vertices as not visited  
        visited = [False] * self.V 
      
        # Call the recursive helper  
        # function to prDFS traversal  
        self.DFSUtil(v, visited)  
      
        # Return count of not visited nodes  
        count = 0
        for i in range(self.V): 
            if (visited[i] == False):  
                count += 1
        return count 
  
# Driver Code 
if __name__ == '__main__': 
  
    # Create a graph given in the 
    # above diagram  
    g = Graph(8)  
    g.addEdge(0, 1)  
    g.addEdge(0, 2)  
    g.addEdge(1, 2)  
    g.addEdge(3, 4)  
    g.addEdge(4, 5)  
    g.addEdge(6, 7)  
  
    print(g.countNotReach(2)) 
  
# This code is contributed by PranchalK 

Output:

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Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

C++

Python3

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