Coal And Petroleum NCERT Class-8 Revision Notes

Coal and Petroleum are the major nonrenewable natural resources that were formed millions of years ago from the dead remains of the living species. Coal is a solid fuel that is mainly formed from dead plant matter over millions of years. It is generally used for cooking, producing electricity, and fueling different industries. On the other side, Petroleum is a dark oily liquid that was formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms on the Earth. Today petroleum is widely used for vehicles, to produce heat and electricity.

In this article, we are going to discuss Coal And Petroleum with its types and functions in detail.

Definition Of Coal

Coal is a type of fossil fuel that has been used for cooking food, produce steam to run railway engines, generating the electricity in power plants, and to run different industries. When the Coal is processed in industry, we can get some useful products like coke, coal tar and coal gas. Coal consists the hydrogen, carbon and oxygen and sulphur (small amount).

Different Types Of Coal

There are four major types of coal like anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite. This classification depends on the types and amounts of carbon present in that coal. The carbon is the major component that produces the heat energy when it burns.

Coal Type	Description	Use
Anthracite	Shiny and tough coal with lots of carbon	Heating homes, making things in factories
Bituminous	Very common coal used to make electricity	Generating power, making things in factories
Subbituminous	Coal with less carbon than bituminous coal	Making electricity, making things in factories
Lignite	Very soft coal with low energy	Making electricity, making things in factories

Different Byproducts Of Coal

When the Coal is processed in industry, we can get some useful products like coke, coal tar and coal gas as mentioned below.

Byproduct Of Coal	Description	Use
Coke	Solid fuel made by heating coal in the absence of air	Used in manufacturing processes such as steel production
Coal tar	Dark liquid produced during coal distillation	Used in making medicines, chemicals, and roofing materials
Coal gas	Mixture of gases produced by heating coal	Majorly used for lighting and heating, now limited use

Intresting Facts:
Coal gas was used for street lighting for the first time in London in 1810 and in New York around 1820. 

Definition Of Petroleum

Petroleum is a natural fossil fuel that is a complex mixture of hydrocarbon compounds. Petrol and diesel well known fossil fuel those are obtained from a natural resource called petroleum.

Different Types Of Petroleum

There are two major types of Petroleum including asphalt, bitumen, crude oil, and natural gas as mentioned below.

Type Of Petroleum	Description	Use
Asphalt	Thick, sticky form of natural oil	Used to make roads, roofs, and waterproofing
Bitumen	Thick, black mixture from natural sources	Used for roads, waterproofing, and roofs
Crude oil	Basic oil found underground before processing	Turned into different fuels, chemicals, etc.
Natural gas	Colorless, odorless gas found underground	Used for heating, cooking, and electricity

Different Byproducts Of Petroleum

When the Petroleum is processed in industry, we can get some useful fuel products as mentioned below.

Fuel	Description	Main Source
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)	Mix of gases from crude oil distillation	Refining crude oil
Natural Gas	A type of gas from petroleum	Petroleum sources
Diesel	Fuel for vehicles, different types for cars and off-road vehicles	Refined petroleum
Fuel Oil	Flammable liquid from refining petroleum	By-product of refining petroleum
Petrol (Gasoline)	Fuel for cars, made from petroleum	Processing petroleum
Jet Fuel	Fuel for planes	Derived from refining petroleum
Gasoline	Fuel for engines, made from petroleum	Distillation of crude oil

Intresting Facts:
The first oil well was drilled in Pennsylvania, USA, in 1859. 
In India, oil is also found in Assam, Gujarat, Mumbai High, and the river basins of Godavari and Krishna.

How is Coal formed?

Here is the process how coal is formed:

• Coal is created from dead plants over millions of years.
• It is majorly made of carbon and forms through carbonization.
• Coal is extracted from mines.

How is Petroleum formed?

Here is the process how petroleum is formed:

• When marine creatures die, they sink to the ocean floor and get covered by layers of sand and mud over time.
• Over millions of years, these remains change into petroleum because of heat, pressure, and no air.

FAQs – Write An Article On Coal And Petroleum Class 8 Notes

What is coal and petroleum for Class 8 notes?

Coal is an inexhaustible natural resource. Petroleum is a homogeneous mixture of various hydrocarbons. The primary source of natural gas is volcanic eruptions. Refining of petroleum is done by fractional distillation.

What is the summary of coal and petroleum?

Coal and petroleum are fossil fuels found in earth’s crust. They are non-renewable and exhaustible resources. Coal is a combustible fossilized rock derived from a large accumulation of plant remains that is gradually compressed. It occurs in many countries like China, Japan, U.S.A, Iran, Kuwait, India, etc.

What I learned in coal and petroleum Class 8?

Coal and petroleum are fossil fuels. It required the dead organisms millions of years to get converted into these fuels. On the other hand, the known reserves of these will last only a few hundred years. Moreover, burning of these fuels is a major cause of air pollution.

What is petroleum Class 8 short?

Petroleum was formed from organism living in the sea. Petroleum is a dark oily liquid. It has an unpleasant odour. It is a mixture of various constituents such as petroleum gas, petrol, diesel, lubricating oil, paraffin wax etc. The process of separating the various constituents of petroleum is known as refining.

What is a coal and petroleum?

Coal and petroleum are the consequence of the decomposition of ancient plant life that existed millions of years ago. These decomposing plant materials began to accumulate, eventually producing peat. Heat and pressure from geological processes turned these minerals into coal over time.

What is the importance of coal and petroleum?

Coal is used in homes and industries as a fuel. It is also used to generate electricity in power plants. Petroleum products (such as petrol and diesel) are used as fuels in vehicles.

What is the difference between coal and petroleum Class 8?

Coal is found at its site of deposition as a solid, petroleum is in liquid state. As petroleum is liquid it migrates readily from its place of origin into porous reservoir rocks, whereas coal is always found in its place of origin. Coal is carbon. Petroleum is hydrocarbons.

Is coal better than petroleum?

Coal is cheap and abundant, but it releases a lot of pollutants when burned. Petroleum, or crude oil, is harder to find and is typically a bit cleaner-burning — and, unlike coal, it can be pumped through pipelines and easily refined into fuels like gasoline or kerosene.

Why is petroleum called black gold?

Petroleum is also known as Black Gold – because when crude oil is extracted from the land it is black in color. People call it gold because of its oils and value. It is very difficult to find.

What are coal and petroleum examples for?

Coal and petroleum are categorised as fuel minerals. These are carbonaceous fuels. These are extracted from earth and are formed by fossil decomposition and are hence called fossil fuels. These fuels form a major source of energy.

What is called black diamond?

A black diamond is an impure form of a diamond. The density of black diamonds is very high. It is a polycrystalline form of diamond that consist of graphite/amorphous Carbon/diamond. Coal is known as a black diamond thus it has wide applications in industries.