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All permutations of an array using STL in C++

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Given an array, the task is to print or display all the permutations of this array using STL in C++. 
Examples:

Input: a[] = {1, 2, 3}
Output:
1  2  3  
1  3  2  
2  1  3  
2  3  1  
3  1  2  
3  2  1  

Input: a[] = {10, 20, 30, 40}
Output:
10  20  30  40  
10  20  40  30  
10  30  20  40  
10  30  40  20  
10  40  20  30  
10  40  30  20  
20  10  30  40  
20  10  40  30  
20  30  10  40  
20  30  40  10  
20  40  10  30  
20  40  30  10  
30  10  20  40  
30  10  40  20  
30  20  10  40  
30  20  40  10  
30  40  10  20  
30  40  20  10  
40  10  20  30  
40  10  30  20  
40  20  10  30  
40  20  30  10  
40  30  10  20  
40  30  20  10

Approach: The next possible permutation of the array can be found using next_permutation() function provided in STL. Syntax:

bool next_permutation (BidirectionalIterator first,
                       BidirectionalIterator last);

Below is the implementation of the above Approach: 

CPP




// C++ program to display all permutations
// of an array using STL in C++
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to display the array
void display(int a[], int n)
{
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    cout << a[i] << " ";
  }
  cout << endl;
}
 
// Function to find the permutations
void findPermutations(int a[], int n)
{
 
  // Sort the given array
  sort(a, a + n);
 
  // Find all possible permutations
  cout << "Possible permutations are:\n";
  do {
    display(a, n);
  } while (next_permutation(a, a + n));
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
 
  int a[] = { 10, 20, 30, 40 };
 
  int n = sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]);
 
  findPermutations(a, n);
 
  return 0;
}


Output:

Possible permutations are:
10  20  30  40  
10  20  40  30  
10  30  20  40  
10  30  40  20  
10  40  20  30  
10  40  30  20  
20  10  30  40  
20  10  40  30  
20  30  10  40  
20  30  40  10  
20  40  10  30  
20  40  30  10  
30  10  20  40  
30  10  40  20  
30  20  10  40  
30  20  40  10  
30  40  10  20  
30  40  20  10  
40  10  20  30  
40  10  30  20  
40  20  10  30  
40  20  30  10  
40  30  10  20  
40  30  20  10

Time Complexity: O(N*N!) As, the next_permutation() function takes O(N) time to find the next permutation and there are N! number of permutations for an array of size N.
Auxiliary Space: O(1) As no auxiliary space is used.



Last Updated : 01 Mar, 2023
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