What is the Chlor-Alkali Process and why it is called so?

Answer: The Chlor-Alkali Process is an industrial method for producing chlorine gas (Cl₂) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which are important chemicals used in various industries. It’s called “Chlor-Alkali” because “chlor” refers to chlorine, and “alkali” refers to the alkaline substance, sodium hydroxide.

In this process, a solution of sodium chloride (NaCl), commonly known as table salt, is electrolyzed. During electrolysis, an electric current is passed through the salt solution, causing a chemical reaction that separates the sodium chloride into its components.

Here’s an example of a redox reaction in the Chlor-Alkali Process:

2NaCl + 2H₂O→Cl₂ + H₂ ​+ 2NaOH

• Chlorine gas (Cl₂) is produced at the anode (positive electrode) and is oxidized.
• Hydrogen gas (H₂) is produced at the cathode (negative electrode) and is reduced.

This process is significant for its wide range of applications. Chlorine is used for water purification, in the production of PVC and disinfectants, while sodium hydroxide is used in soap making, paper production, and as a chemical reactant.