West Bengal | History, Capital, & Population

West Bengal is situated in the eastern part of India and shares the international borders with Bangladesh and Nepal. It is also located in the bank of Bay of Bengal due to this this gives a higher contribution in trade and commerce. West Bengal was a notable hub during the medieval period, as the ruler of various dynasties, including the Palas and the Senas. The East India Company established its first base in Calcutta (now it is Kolkata), that was the first step of British colonial influence in the region. Currently, West Bengal’s Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) ranks among the top in the country. The state’s economy is distinguished by various industries, including manufacturing, Information technology, and agriculture also. It is the one of the most crowded states in India, with a dynamic population. The state is famous for its culture, including in literature, arts, and sciences. Durga Puja, One of them, A holy festival of West Bengal. The state has played a crucial role in India’s politics, being the birthplace of several active political movements and leaders. West Bengal is marked with diverse landscapes, as historical monuments like the Victoria Memorial and Howrah Bridge in Kolkata attract tourists from around the world. The state is famous for its tasty cuisine, highlighting a variety of sweets, spicy curries, and street food.

History of West Bengal

The History of Kolkata is very rich . The time of independence , Kolkata served as a significant center for freedom fighters and revolutionaries . The city play a vital role in India’s Struggle for independence . East India Company started business in 1690 from Kolkata. Treaty of Alinagar pact concluded in India by the British agent Robert Clive after his recovery of Calcutta at 2 January 1757 from the nawab of Bengal . The treaty restored Calcutta to the East India Company with Its privileges. Bengal became a famous center of trade during the early medieval period, that fascinate many merchants and travelers from across Whole Asia. In 8th to 12th century, The Pala Empire, with its capital at Gaur ruled over Bengal. From 13th century, we saw the arrival of Islamic rule under the Delhi Sultanate. Also In 14th century, The Bengal Sultanate called as a independent Islamic state. Bengal became a part of the Mughal Empire in the 16th century when Akbar became the king of Mughal Empire. In 1690, The British East India Company established Hooghly as a trading post, which marks the start of British Influence in Bengal. The Battle of Plassey in 1757 set British control over Bengal. In 1905, Bengal was partitioned by Lord Curzon for administrative reasons, eventually recall in 1911 due to public opposition. West Bengal played a crucial role in the Indian independence movement, with leaders like Subhas Chandra Bose and Aurobindo Ghosh from the front. In 1942, The Quit India Movement has mass participation from Bengal. The partition of India in 1947 lead to important demographic changes, with the eastern part of Bengal becoming East Pakistan (later Bangladesh) and the western part forming part of India. West Bengal became a state of the Indian Union in 1950, with Kolkata as its capital.

Capital of West Bengal – Kolkata

Kolkata, formerly Calcutta, appear as a colorful cityscape that reverberation the legacy of the British East India Company. Kolkata is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal which is Situated to the west of the Hooghly River, it is a city that shows economic, cultural, and historical significance. It is one of the largest cities in eastern India. According to the census conducted in 2011, the total population of West Bengal was 4.5 million, making Kolkata the third most populous cities in India. In terms of being a financial hub, Kolkata ranks third among Indian cities. Kolkata is the biggest city for jobs, drawing people from far away, especially from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. Even today, Kolkata remains renowned for its folk songs. Kolkata’s intellectual skill is showpiece for the institutions like the University of Calcutta, developing a legacy of academic excellence. The city witnessed the successful Bengali Renewal, a cultural and intellectual movement that left an permanent mark on art, literature. Rabindranath Tagore, a poet, has left an long-lasting legacy in Kolkata, with his residence, Jorasanko Thakur Bari, maintaining his memory. In 1814, The Indian museum is established which stands as the one of the oldest and largest museums in India. Kolkata’s Durga Puja, a grand celebration, change the city into a full of music and color, attracting millions in world each year. Eden Gardens is the one of the oldest cricket stadiums in the world which is a honoured ground for many sports enthusiasts. The home of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose known as a Netaji Bhavan, is a museum preserving memories of his life and the Indian independence movement. The Belur Math which is founded by Swami Vivekananda which is currently a tour site representing the unity of religions. Kolkata, with its diversity in history, culture, and modernity, invites visitors to explore its variety at every corner.

Parameters	Information
Location	Eastern India, on the banks of the Hooghly River
Coordinates	22.5726° N, 88.3639° E
Population	Over 4.8 million (as of 2021)
Area	185 km²
Language	Bengali
Climate	Tropical wet-and-dry
Time Zone	Indian Standard Time (IST)
Mayor	Firhad Hakim
Famous Landmarks	Victoria Memorial, Howrah Bridge
Economy	Diverse, with a focus on trade and commerce
Educational Institutions	Jadavpur University, Presidency University
Major Industries	Information technology, jute, textiles
Sports	Cricket (Eden Gardens), football
Transportation	Metro, tram, buses, suburban trains
Cultural Festivals	Durga Puja, Diwali, Holi
Notable Personalities	Rabindranath Tagore, Satyajit Ray, Mother Teresa

Geographic Location Of West Bengal

West Bengal is situated in the Eastern region of India which shares international borders with Bangladesh to the east and Nepal to the west. In Indian States, Bihar to the west, Jharkhand to the west, Odisha to the southwest, Sikkim to the northwest, and Assam to the northeast. The state has a coastal area along the Bay of Bengal to the south. Its geographical location is in between approximately 22.9868° North latitude and 87.8550° East longitude. Some parts are come under Ganges Delta, which provides fertile land in the majorly area of the Delta region. In North, The Himalayan foothills contributing a diverse landscapes. It is a home of the Darjeeling Himalayan region which is marked for its beautiful scenes and tea plantations. In North, It also shares a border with Bhutan. West Bengal is blessed by several rivers, including the Ganges, Brahmaputra, Hooghly, Damodar, and Teesta. It covers approximate 88,752 square kilometers of land area.

State Symbols Of West Bengal

The state symbol of West Bengal, which is formed with many elements that representing its cultural, historical, and natural importance, serves as a energetic identity of this eastern Indian state. The state emblem of West Bengal show its cultural and historical richness. The Ashoka Pillar is a symbol of Mauryan Empire. As we see the Three lions at the top of the Ashoka Pillar which symbolize the idea of courage, strength, and unity. The state moto in Bengali is “সত্যমেব জয়তে” which means “Truth Alone Triumphs”, that means “Satyameva Jayate”. The Royal Bengal Tiger which stands beside the Ashoka Pillar is an iconic symbol of the state’s wildlife. “The Sundarbans mangroves”, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, are illustrated, highlighting the state’s ecological diversity. A boat symbolizes the importance of water transport in the state, especially in the Sundarbans. Varieties of human figures may symbolize the state’s rich cultural diversity.

State Symbol	Designation
State Animal	Fishing Cat
State Bird	White-throated Kingfisher
State Flower	Night-flowering Jasmine
State Tree	Chatim Tree
State Animal	Royal Bengal Tiger
State Emblem (Motto)	“Satyameva Jayate”
State Song (Official)	“Amar Sonar Bangla”
State Game	Football

Significance of West Bengal in Indian Freedom Fight

West Bengal played a important role in the Indian freedom struggle, contributing significantly to the fight against British colonial rule. There are many movements which was started from Bengal. Swadeshi Movement in 1905 was originated in Bengal in response to the partition of Bengal, a important step in India’s fight for freedom. Many Anti-Partition Leaders like Aurobindo Ghosh, Rabindranath Tagore, and Surendra Nath Banerjee lead the movement against the partition. In 1919, Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was happened. In 1992, Bardoli Resolution played a crucial role in the Non-Cooperation Movement. Masterda Surya Sen led the daring Chittagong Armory Raid, symbolizing armed resistance. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose who was born in Cuttack (present-day Odisha), was a notable leader from Bengal. Netaji’s Indian National Army played a crucial role, aiming the independence of India from British rule. Azad Hind Fauj, The first military who started campaign against the British. Azad Hind Fauj established a temporary Government of Free India on October 21, 1943. The Red Fort Trials in 1945 against INA(Indian National Army) officers, including the famous INA trials in Delhi. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the chief architect of the Indian Constitution, was born in Mhow, Bengal Presidency. Bengal played a crucial role in the framing of the Indian Constitution, with key leaders actively participating in the Constituent Assembly. M.N. Roy who was a prominent political philosopher, played a key role in the early communist movements and socialist thought in Bengal. A.D. Madan and Dadabhai Naoroji played key roles in the formation of the Indian National Congress in Bombay in 1885. Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s Brahmo Samaj, founded in Kolkata in 1828. Bengal observes active participation of women in the freedom movement, with leaders like Sarojini Naidu and Kamala Nehru. The Bengali Language Movement in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) was a significant socio-political movement. West Bengal was formed on November 1, 1956, as a state of the Indian Union. Important figures like Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and Rabindranath Tagore used their works to inspire for nationalism. Bengal’s partition in 1947 led to large-scale migrations that was leaving a long impact on the region’s demographics. In conclusion, the significance of West Bengal in the Indian freedom fight has many side, including political movements, armed resistance, and cultural contributions that continue to shape the state’s identity and India’s historical narrative.

Political History Of West Bengal

West Bengal played a important role in the Indian independence movement. The partition of Bengal in 1905 by Lord Curzon boost up many protests and marked as the beginning of political activity in the Bengal. As a response for the participation, The Swadeshi Movement gained momentum in Bengal. Many famous political figures like Subhas Chandra Bose and Aurobindo Ghosh, both from Bengal, emerged as a active leader for the Independence of India. After Independence, The Communist Party of India gained stands in those era, leading to notable political shifts. During the Emergency (1975-1977), West Bengal faced political domination then the Communist Party played a important role in opposing the central government. From the left Front rule, lead by the Communist party of India returned to power in 1977, and they initiates a long period of communist rule that lasted till 2011.

The current chief minister is Mamata Banerjee, who is the founder and leader of the All India Trinamool Congress party, which always wins from a highly dominant vote from 2011. They won with 184 seats out of 294(63% of total votes) in the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 211 seats out of 294(72% of total votes) in the 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election and 215 seats out of 294(73% of total votes) in the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election and currently ruling the government. She served as the first female chief minister (head of government) of West Bengal state.

Population Of West Bengal

According to the 2011 census, West Bengal is the fourth most populous state in India, with a population which is progressively growing over the years. The population of West Bengal was approximately 91 million. The state’s population density is higher than the national, because of variety of urban and rural settlement formation. Kolkata which is a capital of West Bengal contributes a major part to this population can show its status as a major urban center. Bengali is the main language spoken, which shows the language similarity in the majority of population. The state is divided in various religion like Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Buddhists, and others existing religion. The current state government of Bengal has implemented various social welfare programs to uplift the backward sections of the population. The census data also indicates sex ratio that is looking balanced. The state has faced many challenges related to population density, especially in certain districts where the pressure on resources is much higher.

Languages and Religion Of West Bengal

Bengali is the official and most widely spoken language in West Bengal, which is also the mother tongue for the majority of the population. According to the 2011 census of India, approximate more than 85% of the state’s population speaks Bengali. Within Bengali, there are many regional variations which is influenced by factors like historical evolution. Hindi is understood and spoken by a limited population, particularly in urban areas. English is widely understood, especially in educational institutions and urban areas. Bengali and English are the main languages of speaking in schools and in higher education institutions.

West Bengal is distinguish by various religious diversity, with some major religions across the state. Hinduism is the dominant religion across the West Bengal, with over more than 60% of the population coming in it, according to the 2011 Census. Islam is the second-largest religion in West Bengal, constituting around 27% of the population. Christianity and Sikhism have smaller but notable communities, contributing to the religious diversity of West Bengal. Buddhism, Jainism, and other minority religions also find committee in the state. The state’s religious sites contribute in religion tourism which promotes cultural and economic exchange throughout the world.

West Bengal Is Famous For

Bengal the eastern sate of India is famous for its abundance of flora and fauna (The Royal Bengal Tiger).

Bengal have the largest Mangrove Forest in the world in Sundarbans , which is the famous tourist place. Bengal has many specialty to be famous like the sweets(Sondesh) , tourist places , colonial structure ,broad network of river and geographical features and many more are there. The Bengal tourism has many guests every year because of its highly attractive features.

Notable Places To Visit In West Bengal

West Bengal, with its rich cultural and historical heritage, offers many notable places to visit. There are many places to visit in West Bengal like the Victoria Memorial Which has a majestic marble structure, Howrah Bridge which shows many natural beautiful scenery, Dakshineswar Kali Temple which is dedicated to Goddess Kali, Sundarbans which is the World’s largest mangrove forest, Darjeeling which is a famous for its tea gardens and beautiful Hill station in the Himalayas, The culturally rich town of Shantiniketan which is founded by Rabindranath Tagore, and many more. Additionally the scenery beaches of Digha and Mandarmani, and the holy city of Tarapith and many more showcase the diversity of West Bengal.

District	Notable Places to Visit
Kolkata	Victoria Memorial
Kolkata	Howrah Bridge
Kolkata	Dakshineswar Kali Temple
Kolkata	Belur Math
Kolkata	Marble Palace
Darjeeling	Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
Darjeeling	Tiger Hill
Darjeeling	Batasia Loop
Darjeeling	Peace Pagoda
Darjeeling	Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park
Murshidabad	Hazarduari Palace
Murshidabad	Katra Mosque
Murshidabad	Nashipur Rajbari
Murshidabad	Motijheel
Murshidabad	Murshidabad Heritage Development Society
Birbhum	Shantiniketan
Birbhum	Visva Bharati University
Birbhum	Kankalitala
Birbhum	Sonajhuri Forest
Birbhum	Ballavpur Wildlife Sanctuary
Bankura	Bishnupur Terracotta Temples
Bankura	Joypur Jungle
Bankura	Susunia Hills
Bankura	Mukutmanipur Dam
Bankura	Jhilimili
Sundarbans	Sundarbans National Park
Sundarbans	Sajnekhali Bird Sanctuary
Howrah	Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botani Garden
Howrah	Belilious Park
Howrah	Vidyasagar Setu (Second Hooghly Bridge)
Howrah	Indian Botanical Garden
Jalpaiguri	Gorumara National Park
Jalpaiguri	Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary
Jalpaiguri	Buxa Tiger Reserve
Jalpaiguri	Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary
Kalimpong	Deolo Hill
Kalimpong	Tharpa Choling Monastery
Kalimpong	Lepcha Museum and Archives
Kalimpong	Zang Dhok Palri Phodang
Kalimpong	Durpin Monastery

Heaven Of Street Foods

West Bengal has the dash of both old world charm and modern India. Kolkata has a rich and divers food history that reflects its cultural heritage. Every dish have the blend of Bengali Flavors. Dishes like Macher jhol(fish curry) , Shore Ilish( hilsa fish in mustard sauce), chingiri malai curry ( prawn in coconut milk), and sweets like Rasgulla and Sondesh are some of famous and delicious example of Bengali Flavors. Every food or dish has their different origin and best serve place specially the street foods of Kolkata “The melting pot of culture.

Some of the location and their popular dishes are shown below:

Food Name	Location
Aam Shorbot	Bowbazar, Kolkata
Mughlai Paratha	Zakaria Street, Kolkata
Cutlet	Dacre’s Lane, Kolkata
Kolkatar Singara	College Street, Kolkata
Mochar Ghonto	Kharagpur
Panta Bhat with Ilish	Poush Parbon celebrations across Bengal
Raj Kachori	Vivekananda Road, Siliguri
Ghoogni	Malda
Kabiraji Cutlet	Canning Street, Kolkata
Chicken Kabiraji	Moulali, Kolkata
Dimer Devil	Street Stalls across Kolkata
Koraishutir Kochuri	Kumartuli, Kolkata
Dimer Dalna	Shobhabazar, Kolkata
Beguni	Territy Bazaar, Kolkata
Chanachur	Kalighat, Kolkata
Patishapta	Bowbazar, Kolkata
Jalebi	Burrabazar, Kolkata
Kesar Cha (Saffron Tea)	Chai stalls across Kolkata
Chowmein	Tiretti Bazaar, Kolkata
Mutton Kosha with Luchi	Mocambo, Park Street, Kolkata
Fish Kabiraji	New Alipore, Kolkata
Chicken Roll	Nizam’s, New Market, Kolkata
Fish Cutlet	Chittaranjan Avenue, Kolkata
Fish Kebab	Digha Beach, Kolkata

Hub Of Authentic Cuisines

Authentic means pure, genitive or native…Therefor the native Bengali food which is quite similar to its neighbour state like Assam, Bihar ,Tripura…But in some dishes the Bengali cuisines have unique blend of flavors and spices. Bengali cannot live without Mustard oil, Fish and Sweets…. Bengali cuisine, dishes are classified as

Charbya (those needing mastication in the mouth – rice, vegetables, fish etc.),

Chasya / Chosya (to be picked up using fingers and sucked, like Ombol and Tok

Lehya (thick liquid that has to be licked, like chutneys),

Peya (liquids that one drinks, mainly milk and buttermilk).

Food Name	Location
Bhuni Khichuri	Kolkata
Tomatoer Chatni	Kolkata
Pati Shapta	Bowbazar, Kolkata
Tele Bhaja	Territy Bazaar, Kolkata
Bhapa Sandesh	Balaram Mullick & Radharaman Mullick, Kolkata
Khar	Jalpaiguri
Mutton Biryani	Aminia, Kolkata
Kalo Jeere Diye Aloo	Kolkata
Panta Bhat	Poush Parbon celebrations across Bengal
Bhaja Moong Dal	Kolkata
Murgir Jhol	Oudh 1590, Kolkata
Bhapa Ilish	Kolkata
Keema	Golbari, Kolkata
Luchi with Alur Torkari	Bowbazar, Kolkata
Kati Roll	Nizam’s, Kolkata
Chholar Dal	Kolkata
Shorshe Bata Mach	Midnapore
Rasgulla	Kolkata
Puchka (Pani Puri)	College Street, Kolkata
Macher Jhol	Kolkata
Dhokar Dalna	Kolkata
Chingri Malaikari	Bhojohori Manna, Kolkata
Biryani	Arsalan, Kolkata
Aloo Poshto	Kolkata

Cultural Hub Of India

The culture of Kolkata concerns the music, dance, art, architecture, museums, festivals and lifestyle within the city. In reality, the word “Bengali ” is synonymous with art, culture, food, music and everything connected to the finer aspects of life. Kolkata is also majorly identified for its association with, as well as appreciation of Rabindra Sangeet – the songs composed by Rabindranath Tagore and the world famous dance gurus Uday Shankar and Ananada Shankar are also associated with Kolkata.

The land of Bengal has many charms as snowcapped mountains of Darjling vast forest along north tea plantation and wild life in dooars and also the largest delta of sunderbans In fact, It offers all components of tourism like cultural , beach based pilgrimage , heritage and many more. West Bengal is also home to two UNESCO world heritage sites namely Darjeeling Himalayan Railway and Sundarbans National Park.

Durga Puja in West Bengal

One of the biggest festival in West Bengal is Durga puja. It is traditionally celebrated for 10 days in Ashvina (September–October), which is the seventh month of the Hindu calendar, and mainly it’s celebrated in Bengal. Durga Puja celebrates the victory of the goddess Durga over the demon king Mahishasura. It brings people of all ages and backgrounds together in celebration Which makes Bengal even more attractive and shows its uniqueness.

Durga Puja – The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Award

In march 2019 ,Tapati Guha Thakurta who was an expert art historian and her team, work hard in creating the document submitted to UNESCO by the Union cultural ministry . Durga Puja was officially recognized as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO ,in 2021.It is a big party like traditional event that brings people together for fun, art, and social activities. Besides religious things, Durga Puja is now a place for many different activities that show our community spirit and let people be creative. Getting recognized by UNESCO shows that Durga Puja is not just important in one place but matters to people all around the world, helping everyone feel connected through creativity and shared celebrations.

Durga Puja – Grand Carnival

A big carnival in West Bengal. It’s a grand festival that feels like a lively carnival where everyone comes together to celebrate Is the “Durga pooja”. It’s not just a religious event , people create beautiful decorations called pandals, showcasing amazing art and themes. These pandals are like colorful attractions at an amusement park. The festival becomes a hub of cultural performances, delicious food, and traditional rituals. Millions of people, locals, and visitors alike join in the festivities, turning the entire region into a happy and vibrant carnival. It’s a time when communities bond, and the spirit of joy fills the air.

Climate of West Bengal

1. Hot Season (March to June): Tt is really very hot here during the summers and temperatures crosses 40 degrees.

2.Rainy Season (June to September):This is when the rain comes pouring down. It cools things off after the hot season, but sometimes it rains too much, causing floods in some areas.

3. Cool Season (November to February): In these months, it’s cooler and drier. Mornings might be misty, making it a bit hard to see on the roads.

4. Hailstorms: Some places, especially up north, might get hailstorms before or after the rainy season, which can damage crops.

5. Storms by the Sea: Coastal areas, like the Sundarbans, can face big storms before and after the rainy season, causing a lot of damage.

6. Always Humid :It’s often sticky and humid, making the hot months even more uncomfortable.

7.Changing Temperatures: Summers are hot, and winters are cooler. Places near the sea are not as hot as those further inland.

8. Farming Influence: The weather affects what crops are grown. Rice is a big one because it needs a lot of water.

9. River Areas: Some places near rivers, like the Ganges, might get flooded during the rainy season.

10. Nature’s Variety: The weather helps all kinds of plants and animals thrive, especially in places like the Sundarbans.

11. Fun Festivals: Local celebrations, like Durga Puja in the fall, are influenced by the weather.

12. City Heat: Big cities, such as Kolkata, can get really hot because of all the buildings and not enough green spaces.

13. Weather Changes: West Bengal is dealing with changes like hotter temperatures, different rain patterns, and rising sea levels.

14. Nature’s Waterways: Many areas have a river-like vibe because of rivers like the Ganges flowing through.

15. Tourist Times: People like to visit different places at different times. Beaches are popular in winter, and hill stations are cool and attractive in the summer.

16. Local Living: People have adapted their ways of life to fit the weather, influencing how they live and celebrate.

17. Government Action: The state government is doing things to handle changes in weather, like being more sustainable and ready for disasters.

Transportation Diversity in West Bengal

West Bengal have a well-connected transportation network with over 92,023 kilometers of roads, facilitating efficient connectivity within the state. The state is across by several national highways, including the vital NH-12, NH-14, and NH-16 which ensures us smooth road travel. Since 1984, The Kolkata Metro determining fast transportation system with a network length of ever 27 kilometers. The State has an extensive railway network, with over 4800 kilometers of railway track which connects West Bengal to various parts of India. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport in Kolkata is a major aeronautics hub which is serving millions of passengers annually and also connects to national and international terminal. The Hooghly River which is connecting in the National Waterway-1 is passing through the West Bengal which is contributing for the water transport across the state.

Metro

Since 1984, The Kolkata Metro is the first underground mass transit system in India. The Metro system has currently two operational lines which are as Line 1 (connecting North to South) and Line 2 (connecting East to West). Line 1 is expanding from Noapara to Kavi Subhash which is also the oldest line and also covering major parts of Kolkata. Line 2 connects the eastern and western parts of the city which is running from Salt Lake Sector V to Howrah Maidan. The introduction of smart cards which makes ticketing process more convenient, help a lot to local commuters. Metro services manage at regular intervals which provides us a frequent and punctual transportation options. Some metro stations also provide Wi-Fi connectivity. Metro fares are reasonable, making it an affordable mode of transportation for all commuters.

Tram

The tram system in West Bengal, particularly in Kolkata, holds historical significance as it is the one of the oldest operating tram networks in Asia. Trams covers major areas of Kolkata, including some important locations like Esplanade, College Street, and Howrah Bridge, providing a unique outlook of the city. Tram routes also pass through many significant heritage sites, such as Victoria Memorial and Indian Museum, which can uplift the overall experience for passengers. Trams offer an affordable mode of transportation, making them accessible to all commuters. The tram has become a cultural symbol of Kolkata which is highlighted in literature, art, and movies, adding to the city’s charm. Also a special night tram services provide a unique experience.

Bus

West Bengal’s bus system has an extensive network covering urban, suburban, and rural areas, providing facility to public transportation. Kolkata has a well-organized city bus service which is managed by the Calcutta State Transport Corporation (CSTC) and West Bengal Surface Transport Corporation (WBSTC). Inter-city bus services connect Kolkata to various districts, certifying efficient connectivity across the state. Bus travel remains an affordable mode of transportation, making it accessible to many commuters. Buses play a crucial role in connecting remote rural areas which is providing essential links for citizens in the remote areas. Special bus services operate during festivals and other events to accommodate increased passenger traffic.

Famous Stations And Trains

In West Bengal, The Howrah Junction is railway hub which is serving a vital gateway to Kolkata. It is located at the adjacent of iconic Howrah Bridge which is a testament to state’s railway legacy. The West Bengal also have railways in the Himalayas known as Darjeeling Himalayan Railway which is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This narrow gauge railway known as the “Toy Train”. These famous stations and trains of West Bengal not only facilitate the movement of people but also sum up the spirit of the state.

Some Important Points:

• Kolkata, the cultural capital of India, have two iconic railway terminals that are Howrah Junction and Sealdah Station which is serving as important centers of transport for millions.
• The majestic Howrah Station is not just a transportation hub; it’s also a symbol of Kolkata’s historical significance and architectural glory.
• The Kolkata Metro, an underground marvel, is an major part of the city’s transport system which is connecting different sectors through its East to West and North to South lines.
• The historical trams of Kolkata, operating since the late 19th century, are a unique mode of transport, contributing to the city’s unique identity.
• The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, or the “Toy Train,” is showing the beauty of Bengal between the Himalayas which is also under UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• The Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport connects Kolkata to global destinations.
• Durga Puja, Kolkata’s grand festival, transforms the stations into an colorful spaces with beautiful decorations and cultural performances.
• The Kolkata Circular Railway, encircling the city, provides an alternative mode of transportation.
• The Rajdhani Express, connecting Kolkata with New Delhi, is a symbol of efficient long-distance travel.
• Kolkata’s famous stations and trains are living entities that breathe life into the city, connecting its past, present, and future.

How Chicken’s Neck Connects West Bengal with Southeast Asia?

The “Chicken’s Neck” refers to the narrow strip of land that connects geographical land of India with the northeastern states, including West Bengal, and is situated between Nepal and Bangladesh. Uncover the geographical significance of Chicken’s Neck, It is for the security and economic connectivity of the region.

Benefits Of Chicken’s Neck:

• Trade Hub: Chicken’s Neck is like a busy road that helps West Bengal trade with other places.
• More Jobs: It creates jobs for people, like those driving trucks or working in shops.
• Sharing Cultures: People from different areas meet here, sharing their customs and traditions.
• Safe Connection: It’s important for the country’s safety because it connects the mainland with northeastern states.
• Helps Farmers: Farmers can easily send their crops to different markets using Chicken’s Neck.
• Interesting Place: It attracts tourists who want to see a place with unique importance.
• Better Roads: Because of Chicken’s Neck, the government builds good roads for transportation.
• Friendship: People from different backgrounds become friends as they work and trade together.
• Important for Security: Chicken’s Neck needs good plans to make sure everything runs smoothly and safely.
• Supports Business: Many businesses grow because Chicken’s Neck helps in easy transportation.

Famous Bridges In West Bengal

Kolkata’s skyline is adorned with majestic bridges that span the Hooghly River. Discover the engineering marvels that connect different parts of the city. One of the most iconic landmarks in Kolkata is Howrah Bridge which is connecting Howrah and Kolkata over the Hooghly River that gives us a natural scenery at every evening and morning. The longest cable-stayed bridge in India known as Vidyasagar Setu (Second Hooghly Bridge) which is connecting Kolkata to the industrial town of Howrah. Another name for Howrah Bridge, dedicated to Rabindranath Tagore known as Rabindra Setu.

Bridge Name	Location	Length
Howrah Bridge	Kolkata	705 meters
Vidyasagar Setu	Kolkata	822.96 meters
Farakka Barrage Bridge	Murshidabad	2,240 meters
Bagnan Railway Bridge	Howrah	1,360 meters
Vivekananda Setu	Dakshineswar	750 meters
Jubilee Bridge	Hooghly River	457 meters
Digha Mohana Bridge	East Midnapore	225 meters
Nischintapur Bridge	Nadia	120 meters
Bally Bridge	Bally	75 meters
Nivedita Setu	Hooghly River	50 meters

Famous Personalities Of West Bengal

In West Bengal, there are some really special people who everyone knows. Like Rabindranath Tagore, who wrote beautiful poems and even made our national anthem. Then, there’s Satyajit Ray, who created awesome movies that people still enjoy. And don’t forget Mother Teresa, a kind lady who helped a lot of sick and poor people. People also cheer for Sourav Ganguly, a cool cricketer who played for India. These famous folks from West Bengal make everyone proud with their amazing talents and good hearts.

Name	Famous For	Native Place in WB
Rabindranath Tagore	Nobel Laureate, Poet	Kolkata
Satyajit Ray	Film Director	Kolkata
Subhas Chandra Bose	Freedom Fighter	Cuttack (born in WB)
Mother Teresa	Missionary	Skopje (born in WB)
Amartya Sen	Economist	Santiniketan
Sourav Ganguly	Cricketer	Kolkata
Mithun Chakraborty	Actor	Kolkata
Aparna Sen	Filmmaker	Kolkata
Jhumpa Lahiri	Author	London (born in WB)
Swami Vivekananda	Philosopher	Kolkata
Sourav Ganguly	Cricketer	Behala, Kolkata
Ritwik Ghatak	Filmmaker	Dhaka (born in WB)
Satyendranath Bose	Physicist	Kolkata
A. R. Rahman	Music Composer	Chennai (born in WB)
Mamata Banerjee	Politician, Chief Minister	Kolkata
Sharmila Tagore	Actress	Hyderabad (born in WB)
Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay	Author	Muratipur
Prosenjit Chatterjee	Actor	Kolkata
Shankha Ghosh	Poet	Chandpur, WB
Sabyasachi Mukherjee	Fashion Designer	Kolkata
Mamata Shankar	Dancer	Kolkata
Manna Dey	Playback Singer	Kolkata
Anurag Basu	Film Director	Bhilai (born in WB)
Moon Moon Sen	Actress, Politician	Kolkata
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay	Author	Devanandapore
Nandana Sen	Actress, Author	Kolkata
Amitav Ghosh	Author	Kolkata
Mithali Raj	Cricketer	Jodhpur (born in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, family roots in Kolkata)
Rani Rashmoni	Philanthropist	Janbazar, Kolkata
Arijit Singh	Playback Singer	Jiaganj, Murshidabad
Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee	Politician	Kolkata
Arundhati Roy	Author, Activist	Shillong (born in Shillong, Meghalaya, family roots in Kolkata)
Leander Paes	Tennis Player	Kolkata
Mamoni Raisom Goswami	Author	Guwahati (born in Guwahati, Assam, family roots in Kolkata)
Sandip Ray	Film Director	Kolkata

Flora and Fauna Of West Bengal

West Bengal boasts of a high diversity in resident flora and fauna. Mahogany and Sal are huge timber-producing trees that grow in Kolkata. The Sundarbans , World’s largest Mangrove forest is located in southern West Bengal. From Himalayan endemics to species to those that only thrive in untouched Mangrove environments. The Mostly area is famous for its diverge forests and tea gardens and the forests of Sundarbans are the natural habitat of the Royal Bengal Tiger.

Some Important Flora and Fauna of West Bengal:

• Himalayan Vegetation extends from the northern region, highlighting alpine flora.
• Sundarbans Mangroves with species like Sundari trees, Golpata, and various aquatic plants.
• Tea Gardens in Darjeeling and the Dooars region, dominated by tea plants.
• Sal Forests in the central and southern parts forests.
• Rich in medicinal plants like neem, tulsi, and amla, supporting traditional healthcare practices.
• Western Himalayas and Darjeeling are known for a variety of wild orchids.
• The Sunderbans is the home for Royal Bengal Tiger.
• Indian Elephant spotted in the forests of northern Bengal, especially in the Duars region.
• Leopard found in various forested regions, adapting to both hilly and plain land.
• Asian Elephant often seen in the forests of the Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary.
• The Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary is known for its population of Indian rhinoceros.
• Red Panda spotted in the Singalila National Park, representing a unique and rare species.
• Sundarbans is known for hosting the fishing cat, adapted to aquatic environments.
• Various Species of Snakes including the King Cobra, Russell’s viper, and many dangerous species.
• Rhesus Macaque commonly seen in both urban and rural areas, adapting well to diverse environments.

Awards Received By West Bengal Government

The West Bengal government has won some special awards for doing good things. They got the Swachh Survekshan Award for keeping the state clean, and the Krishi Karman Award for helping farmers and growing lots of food. The government also won the National Tourism Award for making West Bengal a nice place to visit, and the E-Governance Award for using technology well. They even got the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Award for making sure all kids get a good education. So, these awards show that the West Bengal government is doing great work and making a lot of people happy.

Some Important Points:

• NIC, West Bengal has bagged seven (7) coveted Technology Sabha Awards 2022 under various category held on 25-26 August, 2022 in Kolkata.
• CSI NIHILENT AWARD FOR BEST E-GOV PROJECT OF LABOUR DEPARTMENT 2017.
• SKOCH PLATINUM AWARD FOR E-SERVICES ON EODB ON 2017.
• SKOCH PLATINUM AWARD FOR E-GOV PROJECT ON INSPECTION REFORMS.
• Skoch Award Awarded to Paschim Banga Go-Sampad Bikash Sanstha an Organization Under Animal Resources Development Department, Government of West Bengal for e-PBGSBS Management System the Highest Independent Honor in India on September-2015.
• National Governance Award 2014 for Kanyashree Online.
• Celebrate the recognition and accolades bestowed upon West Bengal, acknowledging its contributions in various fields.
• Durga Puja – UNESCO Award
• HUDCO Award for Best Practices for enhancing the living conditions of its residents in 2013.
• Best State for promoting cultural diversity and cultural richness through food festivals.
• National Tourism Award contributions to tourism, promoting cultural heritage and attracting visitors in 2017-18.
• MGNREGA Annual Award (2018-19) for outstanding implementation of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.
• Global Achievement Award (2019) for notable achievements and contributions at the global level.
• Prime Minister’s Award for Excellence in Public Administration (2021) for exemplary public administration practices.
• National e-Governance Award for COVID-19 Response (2021) for effectively managing the COVID-19 response.

FAQs – West Bengal | History, Capital and Population

What is the historical background of West Bengal?

Ans: The historical background of West Bengal is rich and diverse, with ancient roots including the Mauryan and Gupta Empires, Islamic rule, Mughal dominance, the Bengal Renaissance, and pivotal roles in the Indian independence movement, followed by the partition in 1947.

Which city serves as the capital of West Bengal?

Ans: The capital of West Bengal is Kolkata.

What is the current population of West Bengal?

Ans: The current population of West Bengal is approximately 100 million.

How diverse is the cultural heritage of West Bengal?

Ans: West Bengal’s cultural heritage is super diverse! It has colorful festivals, yummy food, and lots of different traditions that make it really special. People from different communities and backgrounds live here, making it a melting pot of cultures. Everyone adds something unique, making West Bengal’s culture rich and varied.

Can you name some major industries in West Bengal?

Ans: Jut industry, Tea industry , Textile industry and many more..

Are there any famous historical landmarks in West Bengal?

Ans: Yes, West Bengal is home to several famous historical landmarks. like Dakshineswar Kali Temple, Howrah Bridge, Victoria Memorial and there are still more ..

Who are some notable personalities from West Bengal’s history?

Ans: some of the notable personalities in West Bengals are Rabindranath Tagore , Mamta Banerjee, Sourav Ganguly and Mother Terresa.

What is the GDP of West Bengal?

Ans: West Bengal has total GDP of ₹17.19 lakh crore (US$220 billion) and ₹141,373 (US$1,800) (20th) per capita.