Stages of Group Development

What is a Group?

A group can be defined as the interaction and interdependence of two or more people who come together to achieve some common goals, and/or objectives. When two or more people come together to achieve some particular objective or to fulfil social contact, they are thus forming groups. There are various types of groups based on their motives. Generally, groups are classified as Formal Groups and Informal Groups. Formal groups can be defined as the groups which are formed in organisations (to contribute to organisational goals) based on the similarities of objectives, streams, and qualifications. Informal groups can be defined as groups formed by instincts for the objective of social contact.

According to Friedrich Nietzsche, “Madness is the exception in individuals but the rule in groups.”

Stages of Group Development

For evolution, there are some predefined sequences of group development. Although not all the groups follow the same sequence, the five-stage model is most prevailing and easy to follow. Five-stage group development is a pre-defined process of group development involving stages like Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning.

1. Forming: Forming stage is the very first stage of developing any group. At this point, the group’s objectives, structure, leadership, and characteristics are not well-defined. There exists a great deal of uncertainty. Members decide on what type of behaviours are acceptable, what kind of leadership type is to be followed, and what similar characteristics the members of the group must possess. This stage is completed and finished when people begin to identify themselves as a part of the group.

2. Storming: The storming stage is one of the intragroup conflicts. Although there exists a sense of group acceptance, the trait of individuality is over the counter. There is a conflict over who will control the group. This stage is completed when there is a relatively clear hierarchy of leadership within the group.

3. Norming: In this stage, close relationships develop, and the group of demonstrators cohesively. Group identity is now formed at this stage. This norming stage is complete when the group structure solidifies and the group has decided upon a common set of expectations of what defines correct member behaviour.

4. Performing: The fourth stage is performing. At this stage, the structure and functioning of the group are clearly defined and performed. The people are done with knowing and understanding the other group members and now it is the time to do the tasks.

5. Adjourning: For temporary committees, teams, task forces, and similar groups that have a limited task to perform, the adjourning stage is for wrapping up activities and preparing to disband. Some group members remain satisfied and happy with the accomplishments of the group. Others may be sad over the loss of friendships gained during the work group’s life.