Rural-Urban Migration| Class 12 Geography Notes
Last Updated :
23 Apr, 2024
Rural-Urban Migration is a subpart of the Class 12 Geography Chapter 9 which is Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems. The subpart of Rural-Urban Migration discusses the movement of people from rural areas to urban centers or areas in search of a better quality of life.
The Rural-Urban Migration has so many advantages but there are so many disadvantages or risks including slum formation due to increased population, pay cuts, poor sanitation, improper waste management systems, traffic problems, and much more.
In this article, we are going to discuss the Class 12 Geography Notes Chapter 9 Rural-Urban Migration in detail.
Definition of Rural-Urban Migration
Migration is a movement when people start to go from one place to another permanently or temporarily. Rural-urban migration is a particular way of migration that happens when rural people start to go and settle in the urban areas of a country. There are so many factors that push this type of migration like poverty, lack of basic facilities, debt, and some other difficult conditions. Mostly in India, this type of migration happens for better employment, educational opportunities, and some other economic factors may attach.
Causes of Rural-Urban Migration
There are so many factors or causes of the Rural-Urban Migration that may push and affects this type of migration as mentioned below.
Economic Inequality
The people of the remote or the rural areas face so many economic inequities. As an example, income inequality in remote areas is much higher than in urban areas. As per the reports, around 38 % of the rural women and 14 % of the rural men do not have a stable income source due to this type of inequality. These factors trigger a thought of rural-urban migration in India.
Lack of Employment
In rural areas, it is a big issue that the unemployment rate is too high. Most of the village people in India are dependent on agricultural work or sometimes generate money through their small businesses. These earnings are not sufficient in the modern context because of inflation. Lack of Employment generally pushes people to move to the urban area for a better opportunity with a better pay scale.
Environmental Changes
The environmental changes also drive people to migrate from rural areas to urban locations. Environmental changes like deforestation, soil erosion, different types of pollution, and destruction of habitats disrupt rural settlements. In rural areas, some natural disasters are very common due to climate changes like drought, excessive rainfall, and heat waves that also cause migration.
Population Pressure In Rural Areas
The increasing population of the rural areas can increase the urban migration. In India, there are so many villages that are facing so much pressure due to their population. It is becoming really hard for the village people to accommodate themselves in these areas. So they migrate to the urban areas with the thought that they can live in a place where land is available and population density is much lower.
Types of Rural-Urban Migration
There are two diffent types of Rural-Urban Migration as mentioned below:
Internal Rural-Urban Migration
Internal Rural-Urban Migration is a movement when people of a certain country move to the urban locations for the villages of that same country. Internal Rural-Urban Migration can be divided into two parts Interstate Migration which happens from one state to another and Intra State Migration which takes place in the same state of a country.
External Rural-Urban Migration
External Rural-Urban Migration is a phase when people of a certain country move to the urban areas of another country for a better life style.
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Rural-Urban Migration- FAQs
What is rural urban migration short notes?
Rural-urban migration refers to the movement of people from rural to urban areas to seek better job opportunities and meet better living requirements. For example, the movement of a former farmer from a village to work as a guard in Mumbai is considered rural-urban migration.
What is the main reason for rural urban migration Class 12?
People usually migrate from rural to urban areas mainly due to poverty, high population pressure’ on land, lack of basic infrastructure facilities like health care, education, availability of regular work, etc.
What is rural urban?
Urban areas are places of high populations and high density, characterised by their built-up infrastructure. They are expanded by the act of urbanisation. Rural areas are the complete opposite of urban areas, having a low population and density whilst maintaining a lack of large infrastructure.
What is the rural to urban migration in India?
Among major geographical streams, the most prevalent stream of migration is rural to rural, accounting for 62 percent, followed by the rural to urban stream at 20 percent, then the urban to urban at 13 percent, and urban to rural migration at 5 percent (Government of India 2010).
What is urban migration in India?
Urban to urban migration is when a person moves from an urban locality to another urban locale. This kind of migration is mostly related to securing better employment opportunities, better facilities or a better standard of living.
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