Next Greater Element | Set 2 (Using Upper Bound)

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Given an array arr[ ] of n integers. The task is to find the first greater element for every array element in the array using upper_bound( ) function. If there is no greater element possible for any array element return -1.
Examples :

Input: n = 7, arr[ ] = {4, 7, 3, 1, 3, 2, 5}
Output: 7 -1 4 4 4 4 7
Explanation : First greater element for first, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and last element are 7, 4, 4, 4, 4, and 7 . Second element of arr[ ] do not have it’s first greater element of itself.

Input : n = 4, arr[ ] = {2, 8, 8, 1}
Output : 8 -1 -1 2
Explanation : First greater element for first and last element are 8 and 2 . Second and third element of arr[ ] do not have it’s first greater element of itself .

Naive Approach: The Naive Approach and the stack approach are discussed in Set 1 of this article. Here, we have discussed the method to solve it using upper_bound().

Approach: Since upper_bound( ) cannot be applied in an unsorted array. The idea is to try to modify the array so that it becomes sorted. Thus, create an array let’s name it copy[], which will have its elements in a sorted manner. First initialize copy[ ] with 0 and update every element of copy [ ] as : copy[i] = max(copy[i-1], arr[i]). Now, upper_bound( ) can be applied in the copy [ ] and find first greater element for every arr[i]. Follow the steps below to solve the problem:

Initialize an array copy[n] with values 0.
Iterate over the range [1, n) using the variable i and perform the following steps:
- Set the value of copy[i] as the maximum of copy[i-1] or arr[i].
Iterate over the range [0, n) using the variable i and perform the following steps:
- Initialize the variable high as the upper bound of arr[i] in the copy[] array.
- If high equals n then print -1 otherwise print arr[high].

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// c++ implementation of  the above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to find first greater
// element for every element of array
void FirstGreater(int arr[], int n)
{
 
    // Creating copy array
    int copy[n];
 
    // Initializing all element of it with zero
    memset(copy, 0, sizeof(copy));
 
    copy[0] = arr[0];
 
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
 
        // Updating element of copy[]
        copy[i] = max(copy[i - 1], arr[i]);
    }
 
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 
        // High stores the index of first greater
        // for every element of arr[]
        int high
            = upper_bound(copy,
                          copy + n, arr[i])
              - copy;
      
 
        // If there no element
        // is greater than arr[i]
        // print -1
        if (high == n) {
            cout << "-1"
                 << " ";
        }
 
        // Otherwisw print the first element
        // which is greater than arr[i]
        else {
            cout << arr[high] << " ";
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
 
    int arr[] = { 4, 7, 3, 1, 3, 2, 5 };
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    FirstGreater(arr, n);
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java code for the above approach
import java.io.*;
class GFG {
    static int upper_bound(int arr[], int N, int X)
    {
        int mid;
 
        // Initialise starting index and
        // ending index
        int low = 0;
        int high = N;
 
        // Till low is less than high
        while (low < high)
        {
           
            // Find the middle index
            mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
 
            // If X is greater than or equal
            // to arr[mid] then find
            // in right subarray
            if (X >= arr[mid]) {
                low = mid + 1;
            }
 
            // If X is less than arr[mid]
            // then find in left subarray
            else {
                high = mid;
            }
        }
 
        // if X is greater than arr[n-1]
        if (low < N && arr[low] <= X) {
            low++;
        }
 
        // Return the upper_bound index
        return low;
    }
   
    // Function to find first greater
    // element for every element of array
    static void FirstGreater(int arr[], int n)
    {
       
        // Creating copy array
        int copy[] = new int[n];
 
        copy[0] = arr[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
        {
           
            // Updating element of copy[]
            copy[i] = Math.max(copy[i - 1], arr[i]);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
           
            // High stores the index of first greater
            // for every element of arr[]
            int high
                = upper_bound(copy, copy.length, arr[i]);
 
            // If there no element
            // is greater than arr[i]
            // print -1
            if (high == n) {
                System.out.print("-1"
                                 + " ");
            }
           
            // Otherwisw print the first element
            // which is greater than arr[i]
            else {
                System.out.print(arr[high] + " ");
            }
        }
    }
   
    // Driver Code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int arr[] = { 4, 7, 3, 1, 3, 2, 5 };
        int n = arr.length;
        FirstGreater(arr, n);
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Potta Lokesh

Python3

# Python 3 implementation of  the above approach
import bisect
 
# Function to find first greater
# element for every element of array
def FirstGreater(arr, n):
 
    # Creating copy array
    copy = [0]*n
 
    copy[0] = arr[0]
 
    for i in range(1, n):
 
        # Updating element of copy[]
        copy[i] = max(copy[i - 1], arr[i])
 
    for i in range(n):
 
        # High stores the index of first greater
        # for every element of arr[]
        high = bisect.bisect_right(copy, arr[i], 0, n)
 
        # If there no element
        # is greater than arr[i]
        # print -1
        if (high == n):
            print("-1", end=" ")
 
        # Otherwisw print the first element
        # which is greater than arr[i]
        else:
            print(arr[high], end=" ")
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == "__main__":
 
    arr = [4, 7, 3, 1, 3, 2, 5]
    n = len(arr)
    FirstGreater(arr, n)
 
    # This code is contributed by ukasp.

C#

// C# code for the above approach
using System;
 
public class GFG 
{
    static int upper_bound(int []arr, int N, int X)
    {
        int mid;
 
        // Initialise starting index and
        // ending index
        int low = 0;
        int high = N;
 
        // Till low is less than high
        while (low < high)
        {
           
            // Find the middle index
            mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
 
            // If X is greater than or equal
            // to arr[mid] then find
            // in right subarray
            if (X >= arr[mid]) {
                low = mid + 1;
            }
 
            // If X is less than arr[mid]
            // then find in left subarray
            else {
                high = mid;
            }
        }
 
        // if X is greater than arr[n-1]
        if (low < N && arr[low] <= X) {
            low++;
        }
 
        // Return the upper_bound index
        return low;
    }
   
    // Function to find first greater
    // element for every element of array
    static void FirstGreater(int []arr, int n)
    {
       
        // Creating copy array
        int []copy = new int[n];
 
        copy[0] = arr[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
        {
           
            // Updating element of copy[]
            copy[i] = Math.Max(copy[i - 1], arr[i]);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
           
            // High stores the index of first greater
            // for every element of []arr
            int high
                = upper_bound(copy, copy.Length, arr[i]);
 
            // If there no element
            // is greater than arr[i]
            // print -1
            if (high == n) {
                Console.Write("-1"
                                 + " ");
            }
           
            // Otherwisw print the first element
            // which is greater than arr[i]
            else {
                Console.Write(arr[high] + " ");
            }
        }
    }
   
    // Driver Code
    public static void Main(String[] args)
    {
        int []arr = { 4, 7, 3, 1, 3, 2, 5 };
        int n = arr.Length;
        FirstGreater(arr, n);
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar

Javascript

<script>
// Javascript implementation of  the above approach
 
// Function to find first greater
// element for every element of array
function FirstGreater(arr, n) {
 
  // Creating copy array
  let copy = new Array(n);
 
  // Initializing all element of it with zero
  copy.fill(0)
 
  copy[0] = arr[0];
 
  for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {
 
    // Updating element of copy[]
    copy[i] = Math.max(copy[i - 1], arr[i]);
  }
 
  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 
    // High stores the index of first greater
    // for every element of arr[]
    let high = upper_bound(copy, 0, copy.length - 1, arr[i]);
 
 
    // If there no element
    // is greater than arr[i]
    // print -1
    if (high == n) {
      document.write("-1 ");
    }
 
    // Otherwisw print the first element
    // which is greater than arr[i]
    else {
      document.write(arr[high] + " ");
    }
  }
}
 
 
function upper_bound(arr, low, high, X) {
 
  // Base Case
  if (low > high)
    return low;
 
  // Find the middle index
  let mid = Math.floor(low + (high - low) / 2);
 
  // If arr[mid] is less than
  // or equal to X search in
  // right subarray
  if (arr[mid] <= X) {
    return upper_bound(arr, mid + 1,
      high, X);
  }
 
  // If arr[mid] is greater than X
  // then search in left subarray
  return upper_bound(arr, low,
    mid - 1, X);
}
 
// Driver Code
let arr = [4, 7, 3, 1, 3, 2, 5];
let n = arr.length
FirstGreater(arr, n);
 
// This code is contributed by saurabh_jaiswal.
</script>