Marginal Standing Facility – MSF Rate

Marginal Standing Facility or MSF is the rate at which banks borrow money overnight from the RBI in exchange for authorized government assets or securities. Established in 2011, this funding window helps lenders stay out of trouble and keep their cash flow in check. The MSF rate, however, is greater than the repo rate. This is important in emergencies, like when there is no interbank liquidity and the overnight interbank rate fluctuates.

What is a Marginal Standing Facility?

The Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) was launched by the Reserve Bank of India in 2011–2012 to support banks during emergencies and preserve the flow of financial assistance through the RBI. Certain commercial banks can access overnight liquidity because of the MSF rate, particularly if the liquidity is out of order. When banks have used up all available borrowing assistance, the RBI will lend them money at a harsh rate. Through the Marginal Standing Facility (MSF), the concerned banks can borrow money from the central bank at a higher rate than the repo rate by pledging government securities. Banks will find it simpler to obtain fast cash within a day. Some of the many benefits of the minimal standing facility are its ability to lessen the volatility of overnight lending rates, avoid temporary shortages of liquidity, and provide RBI with more flexibility.

Marginal Standing Facility at a glance:

Establishment	2011-2012
Governing Body	Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
Current Marginal Standing Facility rate	6.15%
Beneficiaries	Commercial Banks Operating Under RBI

Objectives of Marginal Standing Facility:

• To lessen the interbank interest rate’s overnight volatility.
• To support the banks in times of need, such as when interbank liquidity is drying up.

Working of Marginal Standing Facility:

Under the liquidity adjustment facility or LAF, commercial banks commit RBI to lend money at a rate higher than the repo rate when they need it. Usually, 0.25 percent, or 25 basis points, higher than the repo rate, is the MSF rate. Up to 1% of their NDTL (Net Demand and Time Liabilities) or SLR securities may be obtained by any scheduled banks that are part of the RBI under this facility for emergency purposes. Only in an emergency, when interbank liquidity has completely halted, may banks guarantee this special ability.

Why was MSF Introduced?

In its Monetary Policy of 2011–12, the Reserve Bank of India implemented the Marginal Standing Facility (MSF), which went into effect on May 9, 2011. The facility was first made available in June 2011, and banks borrowed Rs. 1 billion under this policy in its first year of operation. Enhancing the stability of overnight lending rates among banks and facilitating efficient financial transmission within the banking system were the goals of implementing this new liquidity adjustment facility. It made it possible for the Reserve Bank of India to better regulate the amount of money in the country’s financial system.

What is the MSF Rate?

The interest rate at which scheduled commercial banks experiencing a severe liquidity shortcoming get funding from the Reserve Bank of India is known as the Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) rate.

Because the MSF rate is different from the Repo rate, banks can pay the unique MSF rate to the RBI to access overnight cash. To maintain stability in the Indian economy, the RBI has the authority to modify the percentage and borrowing rate under MSF.

• Banks were able to access up to 1% of their net demand and time liabilities (NDTL) when the MSF rate was first introduced in May 2011; it was set 100 basis points higher than the Repo rate.
• To control the declining value of the Rupee, the MSF rate was raised to 300 basis points above the Repo rate in July 2013. Later, it was lowered to 50 basis points to make funding more easily accessible. 
• The MSF rate is fixed at 6.25%, which is 25 basis points higher than the current Repo rate, as of the last modification to the RBI’s monetary policy, which took effect on October 4, 2017. 
• The RBI modifies the MSF rate following changes in the country’s economic equilibrium.

What is the Current MSF Rate?

The Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) now has a borrowing rate of 6.25% annually, which is 0.25% or 25 basis points more than the Repo rate. Given differently, after they are no longer qualified for financing under the 6% annual repo rate, scheduled commercial banks can obtain funds from the Reserve Bank of India by selling their government assets at an interest rate of 6.25%.

Difference between MSF and Repo Rate

Repo Rate	Marginal Standing Facility (MSF)
Loans granted to banks to cover their immediate financial needs are subject to the repo rate.	The MSF is meant to be lent to banks over night.
The rate at which the RBI extends credit to commercial banks is known as the repo rate.	The rate at which the RBI lends money to scheduled banks is known as the MSF rate.
Selling bank securities to the RBI as collateral and signing a repurchase agreement is required to lend money at repo rates.	Government securities must be provided as collateral for loans at MSF rates.

Marginal Standing Facility Rate and its Effect on Rupee Strength:

• At a rate known as the marginal standing facility rate, the Reserve Bank of India provides funding to commercial banks that are experiencing significant liquidity problems.
• Banks can pay the exclusive MSF rate—which is different from the Repo rate—to the RBI in order to secure overnight funding. The RBI has the authority to change the percentage and rate of borrowing under MSF in order to maintain economic stability in India.
• Banks could receive up to 1% of their net demand and time liabilities (NDTL), or their total deposits and obligations related to borrowings from other banks, by paying the MSF interest rate, which was initially introduced in May 2011 and was 100 basis points higher than the Repo Rate.
• But in July 2013, the RBI increased the MSF rate to 300 basis points (3%) above the Repo rate in an effort to counteract the weakening value of the rupee.
• The central bank later reduced it to 50 basis points in another change, which made it easier for banks to get funds from RBI whenever they needed immediate cash.
• According to the most recent modification to RBI monetary policy issued on October 4, 2017, as of October 2022, the MSF rate is set at 6.25%, which is 25 basis points higher than the present Repo rate.
• Consequently, the MSF rate has undergone multiple modifications since its inception, as the RBI modifies it to maintain equilibrium with the country’s economic circumstances.

Conclusion

When in need or an emergency, there are several helpful banking tools available. The RBI has created several financial products for use by commercial banks. The Marginal Standing Facility is a temporary emergency loan program for banks that lack sufficient liquidity for regular business operations. It charges a premium above the repo rate, relaxing the SLR quota securities in exchange for short-term liquidity and lowering overnight interbank interest rate volatility.

FAQs On Marginal Standing Facility

What is Marginal Standing Facility (MSF)?

The rate at which banks can borrow funds from the RBI for overnight operations is known as the Marginal Standing Facility (MSF). The RBI included this in its May 2011 credit policy.

How much can the banks borrow under MSF?

A bank may only receive up to 3% of its total deposits (NDTL) as credit under MSF.

Does the bank require any security in order to provide loans under MSF?

In order to receive the overnight credit through MSF, the banks must exchange the securities with the RBI. Due to the emergency, the banks are able to employ the securities within the SLR quota without incurring penalties.

What is the current rate of MSF in India?

The MSF rate in India as of October 2022 is 6.15%.

What differentiates the Bank Rate from the MSF Rate?

The rate at which the RBI lends overnight to commercial banks is known as the MSF rate, while the rate at which it makes long-term loans to commercial banks is known as the Bank Rate.

Why do banks borrow at MSF Rate and not at Repo Rate?

In the event of an emergency, banks borrow money from MSF. Banks are vulnerable to the repo rate on loans provided to support their short-term operations. However, the MSF is intended for overnight bank loans.

What is the facility rate for marginal standing?

When banks have used up all of their available borrowing assistance, they can borrow money from RBI at the penal rate known as the “marginal standing facility rate.”

How Does MSF Work?

Under the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF), commercial banks guarantee the RBI that they will lend money at a rate higher than the Repo rate in an emergency.